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-rw-r--r--src/core/devices/wifi/nm-device-iwd.c3508
1 files changed, 3508 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/core/devices/wifi/nm-device-iwd.c b/src/core/devices/wifi/nm-device-iwd.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f0de90d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/devices/wifi/nm-device-iwd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3508 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 Intel Corporation
+ */
+
+#include "src/core/nm-default-daemon.h"
+
+#include "nm-device-iwd.h"
+
+#include <linux/if_ether.h>
+
+#include "devices/nm-device-private.h"
+#include "devices/nm-device.h"
+#include "nm-act-request.h"
+#include "nm-config.h"
+#include "nm-core-internal.h"
+#include "nm-dbus-manager.h"
+#include "nm-glib-aux/nm-ref-string.h"
+#include "nm-iwd-manager.h"
+#include "nm-libnm-core-intern/nm-common-macros.h"
+#include "nm-setting-8021x.h"
+#include "nm-setting-connection.h"
+#include "nm-setting-wireless-security.h"
+#include "nm-setting-wireless.h"
+#include "nm-std-aux/nm-dbus-compat.h"
+#include "nm-utils.h"
+#include "nm-wifi-common.h"
+#include "nm-wifi-utils.h"
+#include "settings/nm-settings-connection.h"
+#include "settings/nm-settings.h"
+#include "supplicant/nm-supplicant-types.h"
+#include "nm-auth-utils.h"
+#include "nm-manager.h"
+
+#define _NMLOG_DEVICE_TYPE NMDeviceIwd
+#include "devices/nm-device-logging.h"
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+NM_GOBJECT_PROPERTIES_DEFINE(NMDeviceIwd,
+                             PROP_MODE,
+                             PROP_BITRATE,
+                             PROP_ACCESS_POINTS,
+                             PROP_ACTIVE_ACCESS_POINT,
+                             PROP_CAPABILITIES,
+                             PROP_SCANNING,
+                             PROP_LAST_SCAN, );
+
+typedef struct {
+    GDBusObject *                 dbus_obj;
+    GDBusProxy *                  dbus_device_proxy;
+    GDBusProxy *                  dbus_station_proxy;
+    GDBusProxy *                  dbus_ap_proxy;
+    GDBusProxy *                  dbus_adhoc_proxy;
+    CList                         aps_lst_head;
+    NMWifiAP *                    current_ap;
+    GCancellable *                cancellable;
+    NMDeviceWifiCapabilities      capabilities;
+    NMActRequestGetSecretsCallId *wifi_secrets_id;
+    guint                         periodic_scan_id;
+    guint                         periodic_update_id;
+    bool                          enabled : 1;
+    bool                          can_scan : 1;
+    bool                          nm_autoconnect : 1;
+    bool                          iwd_autoconnect : 1;
+    bool                          scanning : 1;
+    bool                          scan_requested : 1;
+    bool                          act_mode_switch : 1;
+    bool                          secrets_failed : 1;
+    bool                          networks_requested : 1;
+    bool                          networks_changed : 1;
+    gint64                        last_scan;
+    uint32_t                      ap_id;
+    guint32                       rate;
+    NMEtherAddr                   current_ap_bssid;
+    GDBusMethodInvocation *       pending_agent_request;
+    NMActiveConnection *          assumed_ac;
+    guint                         assumed_ac_timeout;
+} NMDeviceIwdPrivate;
+
+struct _NMDeviceIwd {
+    NMDevice           parent;
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate _priv;
+};
+
+struct _NMDeviceIwdClass {
+    NMDeviceClass parent;
+};
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+G_DEFINE_TYPE(NMDeviceIwd, nm_device_iwd, NM_TYPE_DEVICE)
+
+#define NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self) \
+    _NM_GET_PRIVATE(self, NMDeviceIwd, NM_IS_DEVICE_IWD, NMDevice)
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+static void schedule_periodic_scan(NMDeviceIwd *self, gboolean initial_scan);
+
+static gboolean check_scanning_prohibited(NMDeviceIwd *self, gboolean periodic);
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+static void
+_ap_dump(NMDeviceIwd *self, NMLogLevel log_level, const NMWifiAP *ap, const char *prefix)
+{
+    char buf[1024];
+
+    buf[0] = '\0';
+    _NMLOG(log_level,
+           LOGD_WIFI_SCAN,
+           "wifi-ap: %-7s %s",
+           prefix,
+           nm_wifi_ap_to_string(ap, buf, sizeof(buf), 0));
+}
+
+/* Callers ensure we're not removing current_ap */
+static void
+ap_add_remove(NMDeviceIwd *self,
+              gboolean     is_adding, /* or else is removing */
+              NMWifiAP *   ap,
+              gboolean     recheck_available_connections)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    if (is_adding) {
+        g_object_ref(ap);
+        ap->wifi_device = NM_DEVICE(self);
+        c_list_link_tail(&priv->aps_lst_head, &ap->aps_lst);
+        nm_dbus_object_export(NM_DBUS_OBJECT(ap));
+        _ap_dump(self, LOGL_DEBUG, ap, "added");
+        nm_device_wifi_emit_signal_access_point(NM_DEVICE(self), ap, TRUE);
+    } else {
+        ap->wifi_device = NULL;
+        c_list_unlink(&ap->aps_lst);
+        _ap_dump(self, LOGL_DEBUG, ap, "removed");
+    }
+
+    _notify(self, PROP_ACCESS_POINTS);
+
+    if (!is_adding) {
+        nm_device_wifi_emit_signal_access_point(NM_DEVICE(self), ap, FALSE);
+        nm_dbus_object_clear_and_unexport(&ap);
+    }
+
+    if (priv->enabled && !priv->iwd_autoconnect)
+        nm_device_emit_recheck_auto_activate(NM_DEVICE(self));
+
+    if (recheck_available_connections)
+        nm_device_recheck_available_connections(NM_DEVICE(self));
+}
+
+static void
+set_current_ap(NMDeviceIwd *self, NMWifiAP *new_ap, gboolean recheck_available_connections)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv;
+    NMWifiAP *          old_ap;
+
+    g_return_if_fail(NM_IS_DEVICE_IWD(self));
+
+    priv   = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    old_ap = priv->current_ap;
+
+    if (old_ap == new_ap)
+        return;
+
+    if (new_ap)
+        priv->current_ap = g_object_ref(new_ap);
+    else
+        priv->current_ap = NULL;
+
+    if (old_ap) {
+        if (nm_wifi_ap_get_fake(old_ap))
+            ap_add_remove(self, FALSE, old_ap, recheck_available_connections);
+        g_object_unref(old_ap);
+    }
+
+    memset(&priv->current_ap_bssid, 0, ETH_ALEN);
+    _notify(self, PROP_ACTIVE_ACCESS_POINT);
+    _notify(self, PROP_MODE);
+}
+
+static void
+remove_all_aps(NMDeviceIwd *self)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMWifiAP *          ap, *ap_safe;
+
+    if (c_list_is_empty(&priv->aps_lst_head))
+        return;
+
+    c_list_for_each_entry_safe (ap, ap_safe, &priv->aps_lst_head, aps_lst)
+        ap_add_remove(self, FALSE, ap, FALSE);
+
+    if (!priv->iwd_autoconnect)
+        nm_device_emit_recheck_auto_activate(NM_DEVICE(self));
+
+    nm_device_recheck_available_connections(NM_DEVICE(self));
+}
+
+static NM80211ApSecurityFlags
+ap_security_flags_from_network_type(const char *type)
+{
+    NM80211ApSecurityFlags flags;
+
+    if (nm_streq(type, "psk"))
+        flags = NM_802_11_AP_SEC_KEY_MGMT_PSK;
+    else if (nm_streq(type, "8021x"))
+        flags = NM_802_11_AP_SEC_KEY_MGMT_802_1X;
+    else
+        return NM_802_11_AP_SEC_NONE;
+
+    flags |= NM_802_11_AP_SEC_PAIR_CCMP;
+    flags |= NM_802_11_AP_SEC_GROUP_CCMP;
+    return flags;
+}
+
+static NMWifiAP *
+ap_from_network(NMDeviceIwd *self,
+                GDBusProxy * network,
+                NMRefString *bss_path,
+                gint64       last_seen_msec,
+                int16_t      signal)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv              = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    gs_unref_variant GVariant *name_value = NULL;
+    gs_unref_variant GVariant *type_value = NULL;
+    const char *               name;
+    const char *               type;
+    uint32_t                   ap_id;
+    gs_unref_bytes GBytes *ssid = NULL;
+    NMWifiAP *             ap;
+    NMSupplicantBssInfo    bss_info;
+
+    g_return_val_if_fail(network, NULL);
+
+    name_value = g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(network, "Name");
+    type_value = g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(network, "Type");
+    if (!name_value || !g_variant_is_of_type(name_value, G_VARIANT_TYPE_STRING) || !type_value
+        || !g_variant_is_of_type(type_value, G_VARIANT_TYPE_STRING))
+        return NULL;
+
+    name = g_variant_get_string(name_value, NULL);
+    type = g_variant_get_string(type_value, NULL);
+
+    if (nm_streq(type, "wep")) {
+        /* WEP not supported */
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* What we get from IWD are networks, or ESSs, that may contain
+     * multiple APs, or BSSs, each.  We don't get information about any
+     * specific BSSs within an ESS but we can safely present each ESS
+     * as an individual BSS to NM, which will be seen as ESSs comprising
+     * a single BSS each.  NM won't be able to handle roaming but IWD
+     * already does that.  We fake the BSSIDs as they don't play any
+     * role either.
+     */
+    ap_id = priv->ap_id++;
+
+    ssid = g_bytes_new(name, NM_MIN(32u, strlen(name)));
+
+    bss_info = (NMSupplicantBssInfo){
+        .bss_path       = bss_path,
+        .last_seen_msec = last_seen_msec,
+        .bssid_valid    = TRUE,
+        .mode           = NM_802_11_MODE_INFRA,
+        .rsn_flags      = ap_security_flags_from_network_type(type),
+        .ssid           = ssid,
+        .signal_percent = nm_wifi_utils_level_to_quality(signal / 100),
+        .frequency      = 2417,
+        .max_rate       = 65000,
+        .bssid          = NM_ETHER_ADDR_INIT(0x00, 0x01, 0x02, ap_id >> 16, ap_id >> 8, ap_id),
+    };
+
+    ap = nm_wifi_ap_new_from_properties(&bss_info);
+
+    nm_assert(bss_path == nm_wifi_ap_get_supplicant_path(ap));
+
+    return ap;
+}
+
+static void
+insert_ap_from_network(NMDeviceIwd *self,
+                       GHashTable * aps,
+                       const char * path,
+                       gint64       last_seen_msec,
+                       int16_t      signal)
+{
+    gs_unref_object GDBusProxy *network_proxy = NULL;
+    nm_auto_ref_string NMRefString *bss_path  = nm_ref_string_new(path);
+    NMWifiAP *                      ap;
+
+    if (g_hash_table_lookup(aps, bss_path)) {
+        _LOGD(LOGD_WIFI, "Duplicate network at %s", path);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    network_proxy =
+        nm_iwd_manager_get_dbus_interface(nm_iwd_manager_get(), path, NM_IWD_NETWORK_INTERFACE);
+
+    ap = ap_from_network(self, network_proxy, bss_path, last_seen_msec, signal);
+    if (!ap)
+        return;
+
+    g_hash_table_insert(aps, bss_path, ap);
+}
+
+static void
+get_ordered_networks_cb(GObject *source, GAsyncResult *res, gpointer user_data)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self = user_data;
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv;
+    gs_free_error GError *error        = NULL;
+    gs_unref_variant GVariant *variant = NULL;
+    GVariantIter *             networks;
+    const char *               path;
+    int16_t                    signal;
+    NMWifiAP *                 ap, *ap_safe, *new_ap;
+    gboolean                   changed;
+    GHashTableIter             ap_iter;
+    gs_unref_hashtable GHashTable *new_aps = NULL;
+    gint64                         last_seen_msec;
+
+    variant = g_dbus_proxy_call_finish(G_DBUS_PROXY(source), res, &error);
+    if (!variant && nm_utils_error_is_cancelled(error))
+        return;
+
+    priv                     = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    priv->networks_requested = FALSE;
+
+    if (!variant) {
+        _LOGE(LOGD_WIFI, "Station.GetOrderedNetworks failed: %s", error->message);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!g_variant_is_of_type(variant, G_VARIANT_TYPE("(a(on))"))) {
+        _LOGE(LOGD_WIFI,
+              "Station.GetOrderedNetworks returned type %s instead of (a(on))",
+              g_variant_get_type_string(variant));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    new_aps = g_hash_table_new_full(nm_direct_hash, NULL, NULL, g_object_unref);
+    g_variant_get(variant, "(a(on))", &networks);
+
+    last_seen_msec = nm_utils_get_monotonic_timestamp_msec();
+    while (g_variant_iter_next(networks, "(&on)", &path, &signal))
+        insert_ap_from_network(self, new_aps, path, last_seen_msec, signal);
+
+    g_variant_iter_free(networks);
+
+    changed                = priv->networks_changed;
+    priv->networks_changed = FALSE;
+
+    c_list_for_each_entry_safe (ap, ap_safe, &priv->aps_lst_head, aps_lst) {
+        new_ap = g_hash_table_lookup(new_aps, nm_wifi_ap_get_supplicant_path(ap));
+        if (new_ap) {
+            if (nm_wifi_ap_set_strength(ap, nm_wifi_ap_get_strength(new_ap))) {
+                _ap_dump(self, LOGL_TRACE, ap, "updated");
+                changed = TRUE;
+            }
+            g_hash_table_remove(new_aps, nm_wifi_ap_get_supplicant_path(ap));
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (ap == priv->current_ap) {
+            /* Normally IWD will prevent the current AP from being
+             * removed from the list and set a low signal strength,
+             * but just making sure.
+             */
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        ap_add_remove(self, FALSE, ap, FALSE);
+        changed = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    g_hash_table_iter_init(&ap_iter, new_aps);
+    while (g_hash_table_iter_next(&ap_iter, NULL, (gpointer) &ap)) {
+        ap_add_remove(self, TRUE, ap, FALSE);
+        g_hash_table_iter_remove(&ap_iter);
+        changed = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    if (changed) {
+        if (!priv->iwd_autoconnect)
+            nm_device_emit_recheck_auto_activate(NM_DEVICE(self));
+
+        nm_device_recheck_available_connections(NM_DEVICE(self));
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+update_aps(NMDeviceIwd *self)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    if (!priv->cancellable)
+        priv->cancellable = g_cancellable_new();
+
+    g_dbus_proxy_call(priv->dbus_station_proxy,
+                      "GetOrderedNetworks",
+                      NULL,
+                      G_DBUS_CALL_FLAGS_NONE,
+                      2000,
+                      priv->cancellable,
+                      get_ordered_networks_cb,
+                      self);
+    priv->networks_requested = TRUE;
+}
+
+static void
+periodic_update(NMDeviceIwd *self)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    int                 ifindex;
+    guint32             new_rate;
+    int                 percent;
+    NMEtherAddr         bssid;
+    gboolean            ap_changed = FALSE;
+    NMPlatform *        platform;
+
+    ifindex = nm_device_get_ifindex(NM_DEVICE(self));
+    if (ifindex <= 0)
+        g_return_if_reached();
+
+    platform = nm_device_get_platform(NM_DEVICE(self));
+
+    /* TODO: obtain quality through the net.connman.iwd.SignalLevelAgent API.
+     * For now we're waking up for the rate/BSSID updates anyway.
+     */
+    if (!nm_platform_wifi_get_station(platform, ifindex, &bssid, &percent, &new_rate)) {
+        _LOGD(LOGD_WIFI, "BSSID / quality / rate platform query failed");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (nm_wifi_ap_set_strength(priv->current_ap, (gint8) percent)) {
+#if NM_MORE_LOGGING
+        ap_changed = TRUE;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    if (new_rate != priv->rate) {
+        priv->rate = new_rate;
+        _notify(self, PROP_BITRATE);
+    }
+
+    if (nm_ether_addr_is_valid(&bssid) && !nm_ether_addr_equal(&bssid, &priv->current_ap_bssid)) {
+        priv->current_ap_bssid = bssid;
+        ap_changed |= nm_wifi_ap_set_address_bin(priv->current_ap, &bssid);
+        ap_changed |= nm_wifi_ap_set_freq(priv->current_ap,
+                                          nm_platform_wifi_get_frequency(platform, ifindex));
+    }
+
+    if (ap_changed)
+        _ap_dump(self, LOGL_DEBUG, priv->current_ap, "updated");
+}
+
+static gboolean
+periodic_update_cb(gpointer user_data)
+{
+    periodic_update(user_data);
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+static void
+send_disconnect(NMDeviceIwd *self)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    g_dbus_proxy_call(priv->dbus_station_proxy,
+                      "Disconnect",
+                      NULL,
+                      G_DBUS_CALL_FLAGS_NONE,
+                      -1,
+                      NULL,
+                      NULL,
+                      NULL);
+}
+
+static void
+wifi_secrets_cancel(NMDeviceIwd *self)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    if (priv->wifi_secrets_id)
+        nm_act_request_cancel_secrets(NULL, priv->wifi_secrets_id);
+    nm_assert(!priv->wifi_secrets_id);
+
+    if (priv->pending_agent_request) {
+        g_dbus_method_invocation_return_error_literal(priv->pending_agent_request,
+                                                      NM_DEVICE_ERROR,
+                                                      NM_DEVICE_ERROR_INVALID_CONNECTION,
+                                                      "NM secrets request cancelled");
+        g_clear_object(&priv->pending_agent_request);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+cleanup_assumed_connect(NMDeviceIwd *self)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    if (!priv->assumed_ac)
+        return;
+
+    g_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_data(priv->assumed_ac, self);
+    g_clear_object(&priv->assumed_ac);
+}
+
+static void
+cleanup_association_attempt(NMDeviceIwd *self, gboolean disconnect)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    cleanup_assumed_connect(self);
+    wifi_secrets_cancel(self);
+
+    set_current_ap(self, NULL, TRUE);
+    nm_clear_g_source(&priv->periodic_update_id);
+    nm_clear_g_source(&priv->assumed_ac_timeout);
+
+    if (disconnect && priv->dbus_station_proxy)
+        send_disconnect(self);
+}
+
+static void
+reset_mode(NMDeviceIwd *       self,
+           GCancellable *      cancellable,
+           GAsyncReadyCallback callback,
+           gpointer            user_data)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    g_dbus_proxy_call(
+        priv->dbus_device_proxy,
+        DBUS_INTERFACE_PROPERTIES ".Set",
+        g_variant_new("(ssv)", NM_IWD_DEVICE_INTERFACE, "Mode", g_variant_new_string("station")),
+        G_DBUS_CALL_FLAGS_NONE,
+        2000,
+        cancellable,
+        callback,
+        user_data);
+}
+
+static gboolean
+get_variant_boolean(GVariant *v, const char *property)
+{
+    if (!v || !g_variant_is_of_type(v, G_VARIANT_TYPE_BOOLEAN)) {
+        nm_log_warn(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI,
+                    "Property %s not cached or not boolean type",
+                    property);
+
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    return g_variant_get_boolean(v);
+}
+
+static const char *
+get_variant_state(GVariant *v)
+{
+    if (!v || !g_variant_is_of_type(v, G_VARIANT_TYPE_STRING)) {
+        nm_log_warn(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "State property not cached or not a string");
+
+        return "unknown";
+    }
+
+    return g_variant_get_string(v, NULL);
+}
+
+static void
+deactivate(NMDevice *device)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self = NM_DEVICE_IWD(device);
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    if (!priv->dbus_obj)
+        return;
+
+    if (priv->dbus_station_proxy) {
+        gs_unref_variant GVariant *value =
+            g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(priv->dbus_station_proxy, "State");
+
+        if (NM_IN_STRSET(get_variant_state(value), "disconnecting", "disconnected"))
+            return;
+    }
+
+    cleanup_association_attempt(self, TRUE);
+    priv->act_mode_switch = FALSE;
+
+    if (!priv->dbus_station_proxy)
+        reset_mode(self, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static void
+disconnect_cb(GObject *source, GAsyncResult *res, gpointer user_data)
+{
+    gs_unref_object NMDeviceIwd *self = NULL;
+    NMDeviceDeactivateCallback   callback;
+    gpointer                     callback_user_data;
+    gs_unref_variant GVariant *variant = NULL;
+    gs_free_error GError *error        = NULL;
+
+    nm_utils_user_data_unpack(user_data, &self, &callback, &callback_user_data);
+
+    variant = g_dbus_proxy_call_finish(G_DBUS_PROXY(source), res, &error);
+    callback(NM_DEVICE(self), error, callback_user_data);
+}
+
+static void
+disconnect_cb_on_idle(gpointer user_data, GCancellable *cancellable)
+{
+    gs_unref_object NMDeviceIwd *self = NULL;
+    NMDeviceDeactivateCallback   callback;
+    gpointer                     callback_user_data;
+    gs_free_error GError *cancelled_error = NULL;
+
+    nm_utils_user_data_unpack(user_data, &self, &callback, &callback_user_data);
+
+    g_cancellable_set_error_if_cancelled(cancellable, &cancelled_error);
+    callback(NM_DEVICE(self), cancelled_error, callback_user_data);
+}
+
+static void
+deactivate_async(NMDevice *                 device,
+                 GCancellable *             cancellable,
+                 NMDeviceDeactivateCallback callback,
+                 gpointer                   callback_user_data)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self = NM_DEVICE_IWD(device);
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    gpointer            user_data;
+
+    nm_assert(G_IS_CANCELLABLE(cancellable));
+    nm_assert(callback);
+
+    user_data = nm_utils_user_data_pack(g_object_ref(self), callback, callback_user_data);
+
+    if (!priv->dbus_obj) {
+        nm_utils_invoke_on_idle(cancellable, disconnect_cb_on_idle, user_data);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    cleanup_association_attempt(self, FALSE);
+    priv->act_mode_switch = FALSE;
+
+    if (priv->dbus_station_proxy) {
+        g_dbus_proxy_call(priv->dbus_station_proxy,
+                          "Disconnect",
+                          NULL,
+                          G_DBUS_CALL_FLAGS_NONE,
+                          -1,
+                          cancellable,
+                          disconnect_cb,
+                          user_data);
+    } else
+        reset_mode(self, cancellable, disconnect_cb, user_data);
+}
+
+static gboolean
+is_connection_known_network(NMConnection *connection)
+{
+    NMIwdNetworkSecurity security;
+    gs_free char *       ssid = NULL;
+
+    if (!nm_wifi_connection_get_iwd_ssid_and_security(connection, &ssid, &security))
+        return FALSE;
+
+    return nm_iwd_manager_is_known_network(nm_iwd_manager_get(), ssid, security);
+}
+
+static gboolean
+is_ap_known_network(NMWifiAP *ap)
+{
+    gs_unref_object GDBusProxy *network_proxy = NULL;
+    gs_unref_variant GVariant *known_network  = NULL;
+
+    network_proxy =
+        nm_iwd_manager_get_dbus_interface(nm_iwd_manager_get(),
+                                          nm_ref_string_get_str(nm_wifi_ap_get_supplicant_path(ap)),
+                                          NM_IWD_NETWORK_INTERFACE);
+    if (!network_proxy)
+        return FALSE;
+
+    known_network = g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(network_proxy, "KnownNetwork");
+    return nm_g_variant_is_of_type(known_network, G_VARIANT_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH);
+}
+
+static gboolean
+check_connection_compatible(NMDevice *device, NMConnection *connection, GError **error)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *        self = NM_DEVICE_IWD(device);
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate * priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMSettingWireless *  s_wireless;
+    const char *         mac;
+    const char *const *  mac_blacklist;
+    int                  i;
+    const char *         perm_hw_addr;
+    const char *         mode;
+    NMIwdNetworkSecurity security;
+    GBytes *             ssid;
+    const guint8 *       ssid_bytes;
+    gsize                ssid_len;
+
+    if (!NM_DEVICE_CLASS(nm_device_iwd_parent_class)
+             ->check_connection_compatible(device, connection, error))
+        return FALSE;
+
+    s_wireless = nm_connection_get_setting_wireless(connection);
+
+    /* complete_connection would be called (if at all) before this function
+     * so an SSID should always be set.  IWD doesn't support non-UTF8 SSIDs
+     * (ignores BSSes with such SSIDs and has no way to represent them on
+     * DBus) so we can cut it short for connections with a non-UTF8 SSID.
+     */
+    ssid = nm_setting_wireless_get_ssid(s_wireless);
+    if (!ssid)
+        return FALSE;
+
+    ssid_bytes = g_bytes_get_data(ssid, &ssid_len);
+    if (!g_utf8_validate((const char *) ssid_bytes, ssid_len, NULL)) {
+        nm_utils_error_set_literal(error,
+                                   NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_INCOMPATIBLE,
+                                   "non-UTF-8 connection SSID not supported by IWD backend");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    perm_hw_addr = nm_device_get_permanent_hw_address(device);
+    mac          = nm_setting_wireless_get_mac_address(s_wireless);
+    if (perm_hw_addr) {
+        if (mac && !nm_utils_hwaddr_matches(mac, -1, perm_hw_addr, -1)) {
+            nm_utils_error_set_literal(error,
+                                       NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_INCOMPATIBLE,
+                                       "device MAC address does not match the profile");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        /* Check for MAC address blacklist */
+        mac_blacklist = nm_setting_wireless_get_mac_address_blacklist(s_wireless);
+        for (i = 0; mac_blacklist[i]; i++) {
+            nm_assert(nm_utils_hwaddr_valid(mac_blacklist[i], ETH_ALEN));
+
+            if (nm_utils_hwaddr_matches(mac_blacklist[i], -1, perm_hw_addr, -1)) {
+                nm_utils_error_set_literal(error,
+                                           NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_TEMPORARY,
+                                           "MAC address blacklisted");
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (mac) {
+        nm_utils_error_set_literal(error,
+                                   NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_TEMPORARY,
+                                   "device has no valid MAC address as required by profile");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (!nm_wifi_connection_get_iwd_ssid_and_security(connection, NULL, &security)
+        || security == NM_IWD_NETWORK_SECURITY_WEP) {
+        nm_utils_error_set_literal(error,
+                                   NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_INCOMPATIBLE,
+                                   "connection authentication type not supported by IWD backend");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    mode = nm_setting_wireless_get_mode(s_wireless);
+
+    /* Hidden SSIDs only supported in client mode */
+    if (nm_setting_wireless_get_hidden(s_wireless)
+        && !NM_IN_STRSET(mode, NULL, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_INFRA)) {
+        nm_utils_error_set_literal(
+            error,
+            NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_INCOMPATIBLE,
+            "non-infrastructure hidden networks not supported by the IWD backend");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (NM_IN_STRSET(mode, NULL, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_INFRA)) {
+        /* 8021x networks can only be used if they've been provisioned on the IWD side and
+         * thus are Known Networks.
+         */
+        if (security == NM_IWD_NETWORK_SECURITY_8021X) {
+            if (!is_connection_known_network(connection)) {
+                nm_utils_error_set_literal(error,
+                                           NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_INCOMPATIBLE,
+                                           "802.1x connections must have IWD provisioning files");
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+        } else if (!NM_IN_SET(security,
+                              NM_IWD_NETWORK_SECURITY_OPEN,
+                              NM_IWD_NETWORK_SECURITY_PSK)) {
+            nm_utils_error_set_literal(error,
+                                       NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_INCOMPATIBLE,
+                                       "IWD backend only supports Open, PSK and 802.1x network "
+                                       "authentication in Infrastructure mode");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    } else if (nm_streq(mode, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_AP)) {
+        NMSettingWirelessSecurity *s_wireless_sec =
+            nm_connection_get_setting_wireless_security(connection);
+
+        if (!(priv->capabilities & NM_WIFI_DEVICE_CAP_AP)) {
+            nm_utils_error_set_literal(error,
+                                       NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_INCOMPATIBLE,
+                                       "device does not support Access Point mode");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        if (!NM_IN_SET(security, NM_IWD_NETWORK_SECURITY_PSK) || !s_wireless_sec
+            || !nm_streq0(nm_setting_wireless_security_get_key_mgmt(s_wireless_sec), "wpa-psk")) {
+            nm_utils_error_set_literal(error,
+                                       NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_INCOMPATIBLE,
+                                       "IWD backend only supports PSK authentication in AP mode");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    } else if (nm_streq(mode, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_ADHOC)) {
+        NMSettingWirelessSecurity *s_wireless_sec =
+            nm_connection_get_setting_wireless_security(connection);
+
+        if (!(priv->capabilities & NM_WIFI_DEVICE_CAP_ADHOC)) {
+            nm_utils_error_set_literal(error,
+                                       NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_INCOMPATIBLE,
+                                       "device does not support Ad-Hoc mode");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        if (!NM_IN_SET(security, NM_IWD_NETWORK_SECURITY_OPEN, NM_IWD_NETWORK_SECURITY_PSK)
+            || (s_wireless_sec
+                && !nm_streq0(nm_setting_wireless_security_get_key_mgmt(s_wireless_sec),
+                              "wpa-psk"))) {
+            nm_utils_error_set_literal(
+                error,
+                NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_INCOMPATIBLE,
+                "IWD backend only supports Open and PSK authentication in Ad-Hoc mode");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    } else {
+        nm_utils_error_set(error,
+                           NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_INCOMPATIBLE,
+                           "'%s' type profiles not supported by IWD backend",
+                           mode);
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+static gboolean
+check_connection_available(NMDevice *                     device,
+                           NMConnection *                 connection,
+                           NMDeviceCheckConAvailableFlags flags,
+                           const char *                   specific_object,
+                           GError **                      error)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *        self = NM_DEVICE_IWD(device);
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate * priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMSettingWireless *  s_wifi;
+    const char *         mode;
+    NMWifiAP *           ap = NULL;
+    NMIwdNetworkSecurity security;
+
+    s_wifi = nm_connection_get_setting_wireless(connection);
+    g_return_val_if_fail(s_wifi, FALSE);
+
+    /* a connection that is available for a certain @specific_object, MUST
+     * also be available in general (without @specific_object). */
+
+    if (specific_object) {
+        ap = nm_wifi_ap_lookup_for_device(NM_DEVICE(self), specific_object);
+        if (!ap) {
+            nm_utils_error_set_literal(error,
+                                       NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_TEMPORARY,
+                                       "requested access point not found");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        if (!nm_wifi_ap_check_compatible(ap, connection)) {
+            nm_utils_error_set_literal(error,
+                                       NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_TEMPORARY,
+                                       "requested access point is not compatible with profile");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* AP and Ad-Hoc connections can be activated independent of the scan list */
+    mode = nm_setting_wireless_get_mode(s_wifi);
+    if (NM_IN_STRSET(mode, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_AP, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_ADHOC))
+        return TRUE;
+
+    /* Hidden SSIDs obviously don't always appear in the scan list either.
+     *
+     * For an explicit user-activation-request, a connection is considered
+     * available because for hidden Wi-Fi, clients didn't consistently
+     * set the 'hidden' property to indicate hidden SSID networks.  If
+     * activating but the network isn't available let the device recheck
+     * availability.
+     */
+    if (nm_setting_wireless_get_hidden(s_wifi)
+        || NM_FLAGS_HAS(flags, _NM_DEVICE_CHECK_CON_AVAILABLE_FOR_USER_REQUEST_IGNORE_AP))
+        return TRUE;
+
+    if (!ap)
+        ap = nm_wifi_aps_find_first_compatible(&priv->aps_lst_head, connection);
+
+    if (!ap) {
+        nm_utils_error_set_literal(error,
+                                   NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_TEMPORARY,
+                                   "no compatible access point found");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    /* 8021x networks can only be used if they've been provisioned on the IWD side and
+     * thus are Known Networks.
+     */
+    if (nm_wifi_connection_get_iwd_ssid_and_security(connection, NULL, &security)
+        && security == NM_IWD_NETWORK_SECURITY_8021X) {
+        if (!is_ap_known_network(ap)) {
+            nm_utils_error_set_literal(
+                error,
+                NM_UTILS_ERROR_CONNECTION_AVAILABLE_TEMPORARY,
+                "802.1x network is not an IWD Known Network (missing provisioning file?)");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/* To be used where the SSID has been validated before */
+static char *
+iwd_ssid_to_str(const GBytes *ssid)
+{
+    const guint8 *ssid_bytes;
+    gsize         ssid_len;
+
+    ssid_bytes = g_bytes_get_data((GBytes *) ssid, &ssid_len);
+    nm_assert(ssid && g_utf8_validate((const char *) ssid_bytes, ssid_len, NULL));
+    return g_strndup((const char *) ssid_bytes, ssid_len);
+}
+
+static gboolean
+complete_connection(NMDevice *           device,
+                    NMConnection *       connection,
+                    const char *         specific_object,
+                    NMConnection *const *existing_connections,
+                    GError **            error)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self = NM_DEVICE_IWD(device);
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMSettingWireless * s_wifi;
+    gs_free char *      ssid_utf8 = NULL;
+    NMWifiAP *          ap;
+    GBytes *            ssid   = NULL;
+    gboolean            hidden = FALSE;
+    const char *        mode;
+
+    s_wifi = nm_connection_get_setting_wireless(connection);
+
+    mode = s_wifi ? nm_setting_wireless_get_mode(s_wifi) : NULL;
+
+    if (nm_streq0(mode, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_AP) || !specific_object) {
+        const guint8 *ssid_bytes;
+        gsize         ssid_len;
+
+        /* If not given a specific object, we need at minimum an SSID */
+        if (!s_wifi) {
+            g_set_error_literal(error,
+                                NM_DEVICE_ERROR,
+                                NM_DEVICE_ERROR_INVALID_CONNECTION,
+                                "A 'wireless' setting is required if no AP path was given.");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        ssid       = nm_setting_wireless_get_ssid(s_wifi);
+        ssid_bytes = g_bytes_get_data(ssid, &ssid_len);
+
+        if (!ssid || ssid_len == 0 || !g_utf8_validate((const char *) ssid_bytes, ssid_len, NULL)) {
+            g_set_error_literal(error,
+                                NM_DEVICE_ERROR,
+                                NM_DEVICE_ERROR_INVALID_CONNECTION,
+                                "A 'wireless' setting with a valid UTF-8 SSID is required if no AP "
+                                "path was given.");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (nm_streq0(mode, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_AP)) {
+        if (!nm_setting_verify(NM_SETTING(s_wifi), connection, error))
+            return FALSE;
+        ap = NULL;
+    } else if (!specific_object) {
+        /* Find a compatible AP in the scan list */
+        ap = nm_wifi_aps_find_first_compatible(&priv->aps_lst_head, connection);
+        if (!ap) {
+            /* If we still don't have an AP, then the WiFI settings needs to be
+             * fully specified by the client.  Might not be able to find an AP
+             * if the network isn't broadcasting the SSID for example.
+             */
+            if (!nm_setting_verify(NM_SETTING(s_wifi), connection, error))
+                return FALSE;
+
+            /* We could either require the profile to be marked as hidden by the
+             * client or at least check that a hidden AP with a matching security
+             * type is in range using Station.GetHiddenAccessPoints().  For now
+             * assume it is hidden even though that will reveal the SSID on the
+             * air.
+             */
+            hidden = TRUE;
+        }
+    } else {
+        ap = nm_wifi_ap_lookup_for_device(NM_DEVICE(self), specific_object);
+        if (!ap) {
+            g_set_error(error,
+                        NM_DEVICE_ERROR,
+                        NM_DEVICE_ERROR_SPECIFIC_OBJECT_NOT_FOUND,
+                        "The access point %s was not in the scan list.",
+                        specific_object);
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        ssid = nm_wifi_ap_get_ssid(ap);
+
+        /* Add a wifi setting if one doesn't exist yet */
+        if (!s_wifi) {
+            s_wifi = (NMSettingWireless *) nm_setting_wireless_new();
+            nm_connection_add_setting(connection, NM_SETTING(s_wifi));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (ap) {
+        if (!nm_wifi_ap_complete_connection(ap, connection, FALSE, error))
+            return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    ssid_utf8 = iwd_ssid_to_str(ssid);
+    nm_utils_complete_generic(
+        nm_device_get_platform(device),
+        connection,
+        NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_SETTING_NAME,
+        existing_connections,
+        ssid_utf8,
+        ssid_utf8,
+        NULL,
+        nm_setting_wireless_get_mac_address(s_wifi) ? NULL : nm_device_get_iface(device),
+        TRUE);
+
+    if (hidden)
+        g_object_set(s_wifi, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_HIDDEN, TRUE, NULL);
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+static gboolean
+is_available(NMDevice *device, NMDeviceCheckDevAvailableFlags flags)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self  = NM_DEVICE_IWD(device);
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv  = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMDeviceState       state = nm_device_get_state(device);
+
+    /* Available if either the device is UP and in station mode
+     * or in AP/Ad-Hoc modes while activating or activated.  Device
+     * may be temporarily DOWN while activating or deactivating and
+     * we don't want it to be marked unavailable because of this.
+     *
+     * For reference:
+     * We call nm_device_queue_recheck_available whenever
+     * priv->enabled changes or priv->dbus_station_proxy changes.
+     */
+    return priv->dbus_obj && priv->enabled
+           && (priv->dbus_station_proxy
+               || (state >= NM_DEVICE_STATE_CONFIG && state <= NM_DEVICE_STATE_DEACTIVATING));
+}
+
+static gboolean
+get_autoconnect_allowed(NMDevice *device)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(NM_DEVICE_IWD(device));
+
+    return priv->nm_autoconnect;
+}
+
+static gboolean
+can_auto_connect(NMDevice *device, NMSettingsConnection *sett_conn, char **specific_object)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self = NM_DEVICE_IWD(device);
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMConnection *      connection;
+    NMSettingWireless * s_wifi;
+    NMWifiAP *          ap;
+    const char *        mode;
+    guint64             timestamp = 0;
+
+    nm_assert(!specific_object || !*specific_object);
+
+    if (!NM_DEVICE_CLASS(nm_device_iwd_parent_class)->can_auto_connect(device, sett_conn, NULL))
+        return FALSE;
+
+    connection = nm_settings_connection_get_connection(sett_conn);
+
+    s_wifi = nm_connection_get_setting_wireless(connection);
+    g_return_val_if_fail(s_wifi, FALSE);
+
+    /* Don't auto-activate AP or Ad-Hoc connections.
+     * Note the wpa_supplicant backend has the opposite policy.
+     */
+    mode = nm_setting_wireless_get_mode(s_wifi);
+    if (mode && g_strcmp0(mode, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_INFRA) != 0)
+        return FALSE;
+
+    /* Don't autoconnect to networks that have been tried at least once
+     * but haven't been successful, since these are often accidental choices
+     * from the menu and the user may not know the password.
+     */
+    if (nm_settings_connection_get_timestamp(sett_conn, &timestamp)) {
+        if (timestamp == 0)
+            return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    ap = nm_wifi_aps_find_first_compatible(&priv->aps_lst_head, connection);
+    if (ap) {
+        /* All good; connection is usable */
+        NM_SET_OUT(specific_object, g_strdup(nm_dbus_object_get_path(NM_DBUS_OBJECT(ap))));
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+const CList *
+_nm_device_iwd_get_aps(NMDeviceIwd *self)
+{
+    return &NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self)->aps_lst_head;
+}
+
+static void
+scan_cb(GObject *source, GAsyncResult *res, gpointer user_data)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self = user_data;
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv;
+    gs_unref_variant GVariant *variant = NULL;
+    gs_free_error GError *error        = NULL;
+
+    variant = g_dbus_proxy_call_finish(G_DBUS_PROXY(source), res, &error);
+    if (!variant && nm_utils_error_is_cancelled(error))
+        return;
+
+    priv                 = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    priv->scan_requested = FALSE;
+    priv->last_scan      = nm_utils_get_monotonic_timestamp_msec();
+    _notify(self, PROP_LAST_SCAN);
+
+    /* On success, priv->scanning becomes true right before or right
+     * after this callback, so the next automatic scan will be
+     * scheduled when priv->scanning goes back to false.  On error,
+     * schedule a retry now.
+     */
+    if (error && !priv->scanning)
+        schedule_periodic_scan(self, FALSE);
+}
+
+static void
+dbus_request_scan_cb(NMDevice *             device,
+                     GDBusMethodInvocation *context,
+                     NMAuthSubject *        subject,
+                     GError *               error,
+                     gpointer               user_data)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self = NM_DEVICE_IWD(device);
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv;
+    gs_unref_variant GVariant *scan_options = user_data;
+
+    if (error) {
+        g_dbus_method_invocation_return_gerror(context, error);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (check_scanning_prohibited(self, FALSE)) {
+        g_dbus_method_invocation_return_error_literal(context,
+                                                      NM_DEVICE_ERROR,
+                                                      NM_DEVICE_ERROR_NOT_ALLOWED,
+                                                      "Scanning not allowed at this time");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    if (!priv->can_scan) {
+        g_dbus_method_invocation_return_error_literal(context,
+                                                      NM_DEVICE_ERROR,
+                                                      NM_DEVICE_ERROR_NOT_ALLOWED,
+                                                      "Scanning not allowed while unavailable");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (scan_options) {
+        gs_unref_variant GVariant *val = g_variant_lookup_value(scan_options, "ssids", NULL);
+
+        if (val) {
+            g_dbus_method_invocation_return_error_literal(context,
+                                                          NM_DEVICE_ERROR,
+                                                          NM_DEVICE_ERROR_NOT_ALLOWED,
+                                                          "'ssid' scan option not supported");
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!priv->scanning && !priv->scan_requested) {
+        g_dbus_proxy_call(priv->dbus_station_proxy,
+                          "Scan",
+                          NULL,
+                          G_DBUS_CALL_FLAGS_NONE,
+                          -1,
+                          priv->cancellable,
+                          scan_cb,
+                          self);
+        priv->scan_requested = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    g_dbus_method_invocation_return_value(context, NULL);
+}
+
+void
+_nm_device_iwd_request_scan(NMDeviceIwd *self, GVariant *options, GDBusMethodInvocation *invocation)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv   = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMDevice *          device = NM_DEVICE(self);
+
+    if (!priv->can_scan) {
+        g_dbus_method_invocation_return_error_literal(invocation,
+                                                      NM_DEVICE_ERROR,
+                                                      NM_DEVICE_ERROR_NOT_ALLOWED,
+                                                      "Scanning not allowed while unavailable");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    nm_device_auth_request(device,
+                           invocation,
+                           NULL,
+                           NM_AUTH_PERMISSION_WIFI_SCAN,
+                           TRUE,
+                           NULL,
+                           dbus_request_scan_cb,
+                           nm_g_variant_ref(options));
+}
+
+static gboolean
+check_scanning_prohibited(NMDeviceIwd *self, gboolean periodic)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    g_return_val_if_fail(priv->dbus_obj != NULL, TRUE);
+
+    switch (nm_device_get_state(NM_DEVICE(self))) {
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_UNKNOWN:
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_UNMANAGED:
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_UNAVAILABLE:
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_PREPARE:
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_CONFIG:
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_IP_CONFIG:
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_IP_CHECK:
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_SECONDARIES:
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_DEACTIVATING:
+        /* Prohibit scans when unusable or activating */
+        return TRUE;
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_DISCONNECTED:
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_FAILED:
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVATED:
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_NEED_AUTH:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    /* Prohibit scans if IWD is busy */
+    return !priv->can_scan;
+}
+
+static const char *
+get_agent_request_network_path(GDBusMethodInvocation *invocation)
+{
+    const char *method_name  = g_dbus_method_invocation_get_method_name(invocation);
+    GVariant *  params       = g_dbus_method_invocation_get_parameters(invocation);
+    const char *network_path = NULL;
+
+    if (nm_streq(method_name, "RequestPassphrase"))
+        g_variant_get(params, "(o)", &network_path);
+    else if (nm_streq(method_name, "RequestPrivateKeyPassphrase"))
+        g_variant_get(params, "(o)", &network_path);
+    else if (nm_streq(method_name, "RequestUserNameAndPassword"))
+        g_variant_get(params, "(o)", &network_path);
+    else if (nm_streq(method_name, "RequestUserPassword")) {
+        const char *user;
+        g_variant_get(params, "(os)", &network_path, &user);
+    }
+
+    return network_path;
+}
+
+/*
+ * try_reply_agent_request
+ *
+ * Check if the connection settings already have the secrets corresponding
+ * to the IWD agent method that was invoked.  If they do, send the method reply
+ * with the appropriate secrets.  Otherwise, return the missing secret's setting
+ * name and key so the caller can send a NM secrets request with this data.
+ * Return TRUE in either case, return FALSE if an error is detected.
+ */
+static gboolean
+try_reply_agent_request(NMDeviceIwd *          self,
+                        NMConnection *         connection,
+                        GDBusMethodInvocation *invocation,
+                        const char **          setting_name,
+                        const char **          setting_key,
+                        gboolean *             replied)
+{
+    const char *               method_name = g_dbus_method_invocation_get_method_name(invocation);
+    NMSettingWirelessSecurity *s_wireless_sec;
+    NMSetting8021x *           s_8021x;
+
+    s_wireless_sec = nm_connection_get_setting_wireless_security(connection);
+    s_8021x        = nm_connection_get_setting_802_1x(connection);
+
+    *replied = FALSE;
+
+    if (nm_streq(method_name, "RequestPassphrase")) {
+        const char *psk;
+
+        if (!s_wireless_sec)
+            return FALSE;
+
+        psk = nm_setting_wireless_security_get_psk(s_wireless_sec);
+        if (psk) {
+            _LOGD(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "Returning the PSK to the IWD Agent");
+
+            g_dbus_method_invocation_return_value(invocation, g_variant_new("(s)", psk));
+            *replied = TRUE;
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        *setting_name = NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_SECURITY_SETTING_NAME;
+        *setting_key  = NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_SECURITY_PSK;
+        return TRUE;
+    } else if (nm_streq(method_name, "RequestPrivateKeyPassphrase")) {
+        const char *password;
+
+        if (!s_8021x)
+            return FALSE;
+
+        password = nm_setting_802_1x_get_private_key_password(s_8021x);
+        if (password) {
+            _LOGD(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "Returning the private key password to the IWD Agent");
+
+            g_dbus_method_invocation_return_value(invocation, g_variant_new("(s)", password));
+            *replied = TRUE;
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        *setting_name = NM_SETTING_802_1X_SETTING_NAME;
+        *setting_key  = NM_SETTING_802_1X_PRIVATE_KEY_PASSWORD;
+        return TRUE;
+    } else if (nm_streq(method_name, "RequestUserNameAndPassword")) {
+        const char *identity, *password;
+
+        if (!s_8021x)
+            return FALSE;
+
+        identity = nm_setting_802_1x_get_identity(s_8021x);
+        password = nm_setting_802_1x_get_password(s_8021x);
+        if (identity && password) {
+            _LOGD(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "Returning the username and password to the IWD Agent");
+
+            g_dbus_method_invocation_return_value(invocation,
+                                                  g_variant_new("(ss)", identity, password));
+            *replied = TRUE;
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        *setting_name = NM_SETTING_802_1X_SETTING_NAME;
+        if (!identity)
+            *setting_key = NM_SETTING_802_1X_IDENTITY;
+        else
+            *setting_key = NM_SETTING_802_1X_PASSWORD;
+        return TRUE;
+    } else if (nm_streq(method_name, "RequestUserPassword")) {
+        const char *password;
+
+        if (!s_8021x)
+            return FALSE;
+
+        password = nm_setting_802_1x_get_password(s_8021x);
+        if (password) {
+            _LOGD(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "Returning the user password to the IWD Agent");
+
+            g_dbus_method_invocation_return_value(invocation, g_variant_new("(s)", password));
+            *replied = TRUE;
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        *setting_name = NM_SETTING_802_1X_SETTING_NAME;
+        *setting_key  = NM_SETTING_802_1X_PASSWORD;
+        return TRUE;
+    } else
+        return FALSE;
+}
+
+static gboolean
+assumed_ac_timeout_cb(gpointer user_data)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self = user_data;
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    nm_assert(priv->assumed_ac);
+
+    priv->assumed_ac_timeout = 0;
+    nm_device_state_changed(NM_DEVICE(self),
+                            NM_DEVICE_STATE_FAILED,
+                            NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_TIMEOUT);
+    /* NMDevice's state change -> NMActRequests/NMActiveConnection's state
+     * change -> assumed_connection_state_changed_before_managed() ->
+     * cleanup_association_attempt() so no need to call it explicitly.
+     */
+    return G_SOURCE_REMOVE;
+}
+
+static void wifi_secrets_get_one(NMDeviceIwd *                self,
+                                 const char *                 setting_name,
+                                 NMSecretAgentGetSecretsFlags flags,
+                                 const char *                 setting_key,
+                                 GDBusMethodInvocation *      invocation);
+
+static void
+wifi_secrets_cb(NMActRequest *                req,
+                NMActRequestGetSecretsCallId *call_id,
+                NMSettingsConnection *        s_connection,
+                GError *                      error,
+                gpointer                      user_data)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *                self;
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *         priv;
+    NMDevice *                   device;
+    GDBusMethodInvocation *      invocation;
+    const char *                 setting_name;
+    const char *                 setting_key;
+    gboolean                     replied;
+    NMSecretAgentGetSecretsFlags get_secret_flags =
+        NM_SECRET_AGENT_GET_SECRETS_FLAG_ALLOW_INTERACTION;
+
+    nm_utils_user_data_unpack(user_data, &self, &invocation);
+
+    g_return_if_fail(NM_IS_DEVICE_IWD(self));
+
+    priv   = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    device = NM_DEVICE(self);
+
+    g_return_if_fail(priv->wifi_secrets_id == call_id);
+
+    priv->wifi_secrets_id = NULL;
+
+    if (nm_utils_error_is_cancelled(error)) {
+        priv->secrets_failed = TRUE;
+        g_dbus_method_invocation_return_error_literal(invocation,
+                                                      NM_DEVICE_ERROR,
+                                                      NM_DEVICE_ERROR_INVALID_CONNECTION,
+                                                      "NM secrets request cancelled");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    g_return_if_fail(req == nm_device_get_act_request(device));
+    g_return_if_fail(nm_act_request_get_settings_connection(req) == s_connection);
+
+    if (nm_device_get_state(device) != NM_DEVICE_STATE_NEED_AUTH)
+        goto secrets_error;
+
+    if (error) {
+        _LOGW(LOGD_WIFI, "%s", error->message);
+        goto secrets_error;
+    }
+
+    if (!try_reply_agent_request(self,
+                                 nm_act_request_get_applied_connection(req),
+                                 invocation,
+                                 &setting_name,
+                                 &setting_key,
+                                 &replied))
+        goto secrets_error;
+
+    if (replied) {
+        /* If we replied to the secrets request from IWD in the "disconnected"
+         * state and IWD doesn't move to a new state within 1 second, assume
+         * something went wrong (shouldn't happen).  If a state change arrives
+         * after that nothing is lost, state_changed() will try to assume the
+         * connection again.
+         */
+        if (priv->assumed_ac) {
+            gs_unref_variant GVariant *value =
+                g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(priv->dbus_station_proxy, "State");
+
+            if (nm_streq(get_variant_state(value), "disconnected"))
+                priv->assumed_ac_timeout = g_timeout_add_seconds(1, assumed_ac_timeout_cb, self);
+        }
+
+        /* Change state back to what it was before NEED_AUTH */
+        nm_device_state_changed(device, NM_DEVICE_STATE_CONFIG, NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_NONE);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (nm_settings_connection_get_timestamp(nm_act_request_get_settings_connection(req), NULL))
+        get_secret_flags |= NM_SECRET_AGENT_GET_SECRETS_FLAG_REQUEST_NEW;
+
+    /* Request further secrets if we still need something */
+    wifi_secrets_get_one(self, setting_name, get_secret_flags, setting_key, invocation);
+    return;
+
+secrets_error:
+    g_dbus_method_invocation_return_error_literal(invocation,
+                                                  NM_DEVICE_ERROR,
+                                                  NM_DEVICE_ERROR_INVALID_CONNECTION,
+                                                  "NM secrets request failed");
+
+    if (priv->assumed_ac) {
+        nm_device_state_changed(device, NM_DEVICE_STATE_FAILED, NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_NO_SECRETS);
+        /* NMDevice's state change -> NMActRequests/NMActiveConnection's state
+         * change -> assumed_connection_state_changed_before_managed() ->
+         * cleanup_association_attempt() so no need to call it explicitly.
+         */
+    } else {
+        priv->secrets_failed = TRUE;
+        /* Now wait for the Connect callback to update device state */
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+wifi_secrets_get_one(NMDeviceIwd *                self,
+                     const char *                 setting_name,
+                     NMSecretAgentGetSecretsFlags flags,
+                     const char *                 setting_key,
+                     GDBusMethodInvocation *      invocation)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMActRequest *      req;
+
+    wifi_secrets_cancel(self);
+
+    req = nm_device_get_act_request(NM_DEVICE(self));
+    g_return_if_fail(NM_IS_ACT_REQUEST(req));
+
+    priv->wifi_secrets_id = nm_act_request_get_secrets(req,
+                                                       TRUE,
+                                                       setting_name,
+                                                       flags,
+                                                       NM_MAKE_STRV(setting_key),
+                                                       wifi_secrets_cb,
+                                                       nm_utils_user_data_pack(self, invocation));
+}
+
+static void
+network_connect_cb(GObject *source, GAsyncResult *res, gpointer user_data)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self           = user_data;
+    NMDevice *          device         = NM_DEVICE(self);
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv           = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    gs_unref_variant GVariant *variant = NULL;
+    gs_free_error GError *error        = NULL;
+    NMConnection *        connection;
+    gs_free char *        ssid   = NULL;
+    NMDeviceStateReason   reason = NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_FAILED;
+    GVariant *            value;
+    gboolean              disconnect;
+
+    disconnect = !priv->iwd_autoconnect
+                 || nm_device_autoconnect_blocked_get(device, NM_DEVICE_AUTOCONNECT_BLOCKED_ALL);
+
+    variant = g_dbus_proxy_call_finish(G_DBUS_PROXY(source), res, &error);
+    if (!variant) {
+        gs_free char *dbus_error = NULL;
+
+        /* Connection failed; radio problems or if the network wasn't
+         * open, the passwords or certificates may be wrong.
+         */
+
+        _LOGE(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI,
+              "Activation: (wifi) Network.Connect failed: %s",
+              error->message);
+
+        if (nm_utils_error_is_cancelled(error))
+            return;
+
+        if (!NM_IN_SET(nm_device_get_state(device),
+                       NM_DEVICE_STATE_CONFIG,
+                       NM_DEVICE_STATE_NEED_AUTH))
+            return;
+
+        connection = nm_device_get_applied_connection(device);
+        if (!connection)
+            goto failed;
+
+        if (g_error_matches(error, G_IO_ERROR, G_IO_ERROR_DBUS_ERROR))
+            dbus_error = g_dbus_error_get_remote_error(error);
+
+        if (nm_streq0(dbus_error, "net.connman.iwd.Failed")) {
+            nm_connection_clear_secrets(connection);
+
+            /* If secrets were wrong, we'd be getting a net.connman.iwd.Failed */
+            reason = NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_NO_SECRETS;
+        } else if (nm_streq0(dbus_error, "net.connman.iwd.Aborted") && priv->secrets_failed) {
+            /* If agent call was cancelled we'd be getting a net.connman.iwd.Aborted */
+            reason = NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_NO_SECRETS;
+        }
+
+        goto failed;
+    }
+
+    nm_assert(nm_device_get_state(device) == NM_DEVICE_STATE_CONFIG);
+
+    disconnect = TRUE;
+
+    connection = nm_device_get_applied_connection(device);
+    if (!connection)
+        goto failed;
+
+    if (!nm_wifi_connection_get_iwd_ssid_and_security(connection, &ssid, NULL))
+        goto failed;
+
+    _LOGI(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI,
+          "Activation: (wifi) Stage 2 of 5 (Device Configure) successful.  Connected to '%s'.",
+          ssid);
+    nm_device_activate_schedule_stage3_ip_config_start(device);
+
+    return;
+
+failed:
+    /* If necessary call Disconnect to make sure IWD's autoconnect is disabled */
+    cleanup_association_attempt(self, disconnect);
+
+    nm_device_state_changed(device, NM_DEVICE_STATE_FAILED, reason);
+
+    value = g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(priv->dbus_station_proxy, "State");
+    if (!priv->iwd_autoconnect && nm_streq(get_variant_state(value), "disconnected")) {
+        schedule_periodic_scan(self, TRUE);
+
+        if (!priv->nm_autoconnect) {
+            priv->nm_autoconnect = true;
+            nm_device_emit_recheck_auto_activate(device);
+        }
+    }
+    g_variant_unref(value);
+}
+
+static void
+act_failed_cb(GObject *source, GAsyncResult *res, gpointer user_data)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *    self              = user_data;
+    NMDevice *       device            = NM_DEVICE(self);
+    gs_unref_variant GVariant *variant = NULL;
+    gs_free_error GError *error        = NULL;
+
+    variant = g_dbus_proxy_call_finish(G_DBUS_PROXY(source), res, &error);
+    if (!variant && nm_utils_error_is_cancelled(error))
+        return;
+
+    /* Change state to FAILED unless already done by state_changed
+     * which may have been triggered by the station interface
+     * appearing on DBus.
+     */
+    if (nm_device_get_state(device) == NM_DEVICE_STATE_CONFIG)
+        nm_device_queue_state(device,
+                              NM_DEVICE_STATE_FAILED,
+                              NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_FAILED);
+}
+
+static void
+act_start_cb(GObject *source, GAsyncResult *res, gpointer user_data)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self           = user_data;
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv           = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMDevice *          device         = NM_DEVICE(self);
+    gs_unref_variant GVariant *variant = NULL;
+    gs_free_error GError *error        = NULL;
+    gs_free char *        ssid         = NULL;
+
+    variant = g_dbus_proxy_call_finish(G_DBUS_PROXY(source), res, &error);
+    if (!variant) {
+        _LOGE(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI,
+              "Activation: (wifi) {AccessPoint,AdHoc}.Start() failed: %s",
+              error->message);
+
+        if (nm_utils_error_is_cancelled(error))
+            return;
+
+        if (!NM_IN_SET(nm_device_get_state(device), NM_DEVICE_STATE_CONFIG))
+            return;
+
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    nm_assert(nm_device_get_state(device) == NM_DEVICE_STATE_CONFIG);
+
+    if (!nm_wifi_connection_get_iwd_ssid_and_security(nm_device_get_applied_connection(device),
+                                                      &ssid,
+                                                      NULL))
+        goto error;
+
+    _LOGI(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI,
+          "Activation: (wifi) Stage 2 of 5 (Device Configure) successful.  Started '%s'.",
+          ssid);
+    nm_device_activate_schedule_stage3_ip_config_start(device);
+
+    return;
+
+error:
+    reset_mode(self, priv->cancellable, act_failed_cb, self);
+}
+
+/* Check if we're activating an AP/AdHoc connection and if the target
+ * DBus interface has appeared already.  If so proceed to call Start or
+ * StartOpen on that interface.
+ */
+static void
+act_check_interface(NMDeviceIwd *self)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate * priv   = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMDevice *           device = NM_DEVICE(self);
+    NMSettingWireless *  s_wireless;
+    GDBusProxy *         proxy = NULL;
+    gs_free char *       ssid  = NULL;
+    const char *         mode;
+    NMIwdNetworkSecurity security;
+
+    if (!priv->act_mode_switch)
+        return;
+
+    s_wireless =
+        (NMSettingWireless *) nm_device_get_applied_setting(device, NM_TYPE_SETTING_WIRELESS);
+
+    mode = nm_setting_wireless_get_mode(s_wireless);
+    if (nm_streq0(mode, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_AP))
+        proxy = priv->dbus_ap_proxy;
+    else if (nm_streq0(mode, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_ADHOC))
+        proxy = priv->dbus_adhoc_proxy;
+
+    if (!proxy)
+        return;
+
+    priv->act_mode_switch = FALSE;
+
+    if (!NM_IN_SET(nm_device_get_state(device), NM_DEVICE_STATE_CONFIG))
+        return;
+
+    if (!nm_wifi_connection_get_iwd_ssid_and_security(nm_device_get_applied_connection(device),
+                                                      &ssid,
+                                                      &security))
+        goto failed;
+
+    if (security == NM_IWD_NETWORK_SECURITY_OPEN) {
+        g_dbus_proxy_call(proxy,
+                          "StartOpen",
+                          g_variant_new("(s)", ssid),
+                          G_DBUS_CALL_FLAGS_NONE,
+                          G_MAXINT,
+                          priv->cancellable,
+                          act_start_cb,
+                          self);
+    } else if (security == NM_IWD_NETWORK_SECURITY_PSK) {
+        NMSettingWirelessSecurity *s_wireless_sec;
+        const char *               psk;
+
+        s_wireless_sec = (NMSettingWirelessSecurity *) nm_device_get_applied_setting(
+            device,
+            NM_TYPE_SETTING_WIRELESS_SECURITY);
+        psk = nm_setting_wireless_security_get_psk(s_wireless_sec);
+
+        if (!psk) {
+            _LOGE(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "Activation: (wifi) No PSK for '%s'.", ssid);
+            goto failed;
+        }
+
+        g_dbus_proxy_call(proxy,
+                          "Start",
+                          g_variant_new("(ss)", ssid, psk),
+                          G_DBUS_CALL_FLAGS_NONE,
+                          G_MAXINT,
+                          priv->cancellable,
+                          act_start_cb,
+                          self);
+    } else
+        goto failed;
+
+    _LOGD(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "Activation: (wifi) Called Start('%s').", ssid);
+    return;
+
+failed:
+    reset_mode(self, priv->cancellable, act_failed_cb, self);
+}
+
+static void
+act_set_mode_cb(GObject *source, GAsyncResult *res, gpointer user_data)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self           = user_data;
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv           = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMDevice *          device         = NM_DEVICE(self);
+    gs_unref_variant GVariant *variant = NULL;
+    gs_free_error GError *error        = NULL;
+
+    variant = g_dbus_proxy_call_finish(G_DBUS_PROXY(source), res, &error);
+    if (!variant) {
+        _LOGE(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI,
+              "Activation: (wifi) Setting Device.Mode failed: %s",
+              error->message);
+
+        if (nm_utils_error_is_cancelled(error))
+            return;
+
+        if (!NM_IN_SET(nm_device_get_state(device), NM_DEVICE_STATE_CONFIG)
+            || !priv->act_mode_switch)
+            return;
+
+        priv->act_mode_switch = FALSE;
+        nm_device_queue_state(device,
+                              NM_DEVICE_STATE_FAILED,
+                              NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_FAILED);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    _LOGD(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "Activation: (wifi) IWD Device.Mode set successfully");
+
+    act_check_interface(self);
+}
+
+static void
+act_set_mode(NMDeviceIwd *self)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv   = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMDevice *          device = NM_DEVICE(self);
+    const char *        iwd_mode;
+    const char *        mode;
+    NMSettingWireless * s_wireless;
+
+    s_wireless =
+        (NMSettingWireless *) nm_device_get_applied_setting(device, NM_TYPE_SETTING_WIRELESS);
+    mode = nm_setting_wireless_get_mode(s_wireless);
+
+    /* We need to first set interface mode (Device.Mode) to ap or ad-hoc.
+     * We can't directly queue a call to the Start/StartOpen method on
+     * the DBus interface that's going to be created after the property
+     * set call returns.
+     */
+    iwd_mode = nm_streq(mode, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_AP) ? "ap" : "ad-hoc";
+
+    if (!priv->cancellable)
+        priv->cancellable = g_cancellable_new();
+
+    g_dbus_proxy_call(
+        priv->dbus_device_proxy,
+        DBUS_INTERFACE_PROPERTIES ".Set",
+        g_variant_new("(ssv)", NM_IWD_DEVICE_INTERFACE, "Mode", g_variant_new("s", iwd_mode)),
+        G_DBUS_CALL_FLAGS_NONE,
+        2000,
+        priv->cancellable,
+        act_set_mode_cb,
+        self);
+    priv->act_mode_switch = TRUE;
+}
+
+static void
+act_psk_cb(NMActRequest *                req,
+           NMActRequestGetSecretsCallId *call_id,
+           NMSettingsConnection *        s_connection,
+           GError *                      error,
+           gpointer                      user_data)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self = user_data;
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv;
+    NMDevice *          device;
+
+    if (nm_utils_error_is_cancelled(error))
+        return;
+
+    priv   = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    device = NM_DEVICE(self);
+
+    g_return_if_fail(priv->wifi_secrets_id == call_id);
+    priv->wifi_secrets_id = NULL;
+
+    g_return_if_fail(req == nm_device_get_act_request(device));
+    g_return_if_fail(nm_act_request_get_settings_connection(req) == s_connection);
+
+    if (nm_device_get_state(device) != NM_DEVICE_STATE_NEED_AUTH)
+        goto secrets_error;
+
+    if (error) {
+        _LOGW(LOGD_WIFI, "%s", error->message);
+        goto secrets_error;
+    }
+
+    _LOGD(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "Activation: (wifi) missing PSK request completed");
+
+    /* Change state back to what it was before NEED_AUTH */
+    nm_device_state_changed(device, NM_DEVICE_STATE_CONFIG, NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_NONE);
+    act_set_mode(self);
+    return;
+
+secrets_error:
+    nm_device_state_changed(device, NM_DEVICE_STATE_FAILED, NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_NO_SECRETS);
+    cleanup_association_attempt(self, FALSE);
+}
+
+static void
+set_powered(NMDeviceIwd *self, gboolean powered)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    g_dbus_proxy_call(
+        priv->dbus_device_proxy,
+        DBUS_INTERFACE_PROPERTIES ".Set",
+        g_variant_new("(ssv)", NM_IWD_DEVICE_INTERFACE, "Powered", g_variant_new("b", powered)),
+        G_DBUS_CALL_FLAGS_NONE,
+        2000,
+        NULL,
+        NULL,
+        NULL);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+static NMWifiAP *
+find_ap_by_supplicant_path(NMDeviceIwd *self, const NMRefString *path)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMWifiAP *          tmp;
+
+    c_list_for_each_entry (tmp, &priv->aps_lst_head, aps_lst)
+        if (nm_wifi_ap_get_supplicant_path(tmp) == path)
+            return tmp;
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+assumed_connection_state_changed(NMActiveConnection *active, GParamSpec *pspec, NMDeviceIwd *self)
+{
+    NMSettingsConnection *  sett_conn = nm_active_connection_get_settings_connection(active);
+    NMActiveConnectionState state     = nm_active_connection_get_state(active);
+
+    /* Delete the temporary connection created for an external IWD connection
+     * (triggered by somebody outside of NM, be it IWD autoconnect or a
+     * parallel client), unless it's been referenced by a Known Network
+     * object since, which would remove the EXTERNAL flag.
+     *
+     * Note we can't do this too early, e.g. at the same time that we're
+     * setting the device state to FAILED or DISCONNECTING because the
+     * connection shouldn't disappear while it's still being used.  We do
+     * this on the connection's transition to DEACTIVATED same as as
+     * NMManager does for external activations.
+     */
+    if (state != NM_ACTIVE_CONNECTION_STATE_DEACTIVATED)
+        return;
+
+    g_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_func(active, assumed_connection_state_changed, NULL);
+
+    if (sett_conn
+        && NM_FLAGS_HAS(nm_settings_connection_get_flags(sett_conn),
+                        NM_SETTINGS_CONNECTION_INT_FLAGS_EXTERNAL))
+        nm_settings_connection_delete(sett_conn, FALSE);
+}
+
+static void
+assumed_connection_state_changed_before_managed(NMActiveConnection *active,
+                                                GParamSpec *        pspec,
+                                                NMDeviceIwd *       self)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *    priv  = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMActiveConnectionState state = nm_active_connection_get_state(active);
+    gboolean                disconnect;
+
+    if (state != NM_ACTIVE_CONNECTION_STATE_DEACTIVATED)
+        return;
+
+    /* When an assumed connection fails we always get called, even if the
+     * activation hasn't reached PREPARE or CONFIG, e.g. because of a policy
+     * or authorization problem in NMManager.  .deactivate would only be
+     * called starting at some stage so we can't rely on that.
+     *
+     * If the error happened before PREPARE (where we set a non-NULL
+     * priv->current_ap) that will mean NM is somehow blocking autoconnect
+     * so we want to call IWD's Station.Disconnect() to block its
+     * autoconnect.  If this happens during or after PREPARE, we just
+     * clean up and wait for a new attempt by IWD.
+     *
+     * cleanup_association_attempt will clear priv->assumed_ac, disconnect
+     * this callback from the signal and also send a Disconnect to IWD if
+     * needed.
+     *
+     * Note this function won't be called after IWD transitions to
+     * "connected" (and NMDevice to IP_CONFIG) as we disconnect from the
+     * signal at that point, cleanup_association_attempt() will be
+     * triggered by an IWD state change instead.
+     */
+    disconnect = !priv->current_ap;
+    cleanup_association_attempt(self, disconnect);
+}
+
+static void
+assume_connection(NMDeviceIwd *self, NMWifiAP *ap)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *  priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMSettingsConnection *sett_conn;
+    gs_unref_object NMAuthSubject *subject = NULL;
+    NMActiveConnection *           ac;
+    gs_free_error GError *error = NULL;
+
+    /* We can use the .update_connection / nm_device_emit_recheck_assume
+     * API but we can also pass an assumed/external activation type
+     * directly to nm_manager_activate_connection() and skip the
+     * complicated process of creating a matching connection, taking
+     * advantage of the Known Networks pointing directly to a mirror
+     * connection.  The only downside seems to be
+     * nm_manager_activate_connection() goes through the extra
+     * authorization.
+     *
+     * However for now we implement a similar behaviour using a normal
+     * "managed" activation.  For one, assumed/external
+     * connection state is not reflected in nm_manager_get_state() until
+     * fully activated.  Secondly setting the device state to FAILED
+     * is treated as ACTIVATED so we'd have to find another way to signal
+     * that stage2 is failing asynchronously.  Thirdly the connection
+     * becomes "managed" only when ACTIVATED but for IWD it's really
+     * managed when IP_CONFIG starts.
+     */
+    sett_conn = nm_iwd_manager_get_ap_mirror_connection(nm_iwd_manager_get(), ap);
+    if (!sett_conn)
+        goto error;
+
+    subject = nm_auth_subject_new_internal();
+    ac      = nm_manager_activate_connection(
+        NM_MANAGER_GET,
+        sett_conn,
+        NULL,
+        nm_dbus_object_get_path(NM_DBUS_OBJECT(ap)),
+        NM_DEVICE(self),
+        subject,
+        NM_ACTIVATION_TYPE_MANAGED,
+        NM_ACTIVATION_REASON_ASSUME,
+        NM_ACTIVATION_STATE_FLAG_LIFETIME_BOUND_TO_PROFILE_VISIBILITY,
+        &error);
+
+    if (!ac) {
+        _LOGW(LOGD_WIFI, "Activation: (wifi) assume error: %s", error->message);
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    /* If no Known Network existed for this AP, we generated a temporary
+     * NMSettingsConnection with the EXTERNAL flag.  It is not referenced by
+     * any Known Network objects at this time so we want to delete it if the
+     * IWD connection ends up failing or a later part of the activation fails
+     * before IWD created a Known Network.
+     * Setting the activation type to EXTERNAL would do this by causing
+     * NM_ACTIVATION_STATE_FLAG_EXTERNAL to be set on the NMActiveConnection
+     * but we don't want the connection to be marked EXTERNAL because we
+     * will be assuming the ownership of it in IP_CONFIG or thereabouts.
+     *
+     * This callback stays connected forever while the second one gets
+     * disconnected when we reset the activation type to managed.
+     */
+    g_signal_connect(ac,
+                     "notify::" NM_ACTIVE_CONNECTION_STATE,
+                     G_CALLBACK(assumed_connection_state_changed),
+                     NULL);
+    g_signal_connect(ac,
+                     "notify::" NM_ACTIVE_CONNECTION_STATE,
+                     G_CALLBACK(assumed_connection_state_changed_before_managed),
+                     self);
+    priv->assumed_ac = g_object_ref(ac);
+
+    return;
+
+error:
+    send_disconnect(self);
+
+    if (sett_conn
+        && NM_FLAGS_HAS(nm_settings_connection_get_flags(sett_conn),
+                        NM_SETTINGS_CONNECTION_INT_FLAGS_EXTERNAL))
+        nm_settings_connection_delete(sett_conn, FALSE);
+}
+
+static void
+assumed_connection_progress_to_ip_config(NMDeviceIwd *self, gboolean was_postponed)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv      = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMDevice *          device    = NM_DEVICE(self);
+    NMDeviceState       dev_state = nm_device_get_state(device);
+
+    wifi_secrets_cancel(self);
+    nm_clear_g_source(&priv->assumed_ac_timeout);
+
+    /* NM takes over the activation from this point on so clear the assumed
+     * activation state and if we were using NM_ACTIVATION_TYPE_ASSUMED or
+     * _EXTERNAL we'd need to reset the activation type to _MANAGED at this
+     * point instead of waiting for the ACTIVATED state (as done in
+     * nm_active_connection_set_state).
+     */
+    cleanup_assumed_connect(self);
+
+    if (dev_state == NM_DEVICE_STATE_NEED_AUTH)
+        nm_device_state_changed(NM_DEVICE(self),
+                                NM_DEVICE_STATE_CONFIG,
+                                NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_NONE);
+
+    /* If stage2 had returned NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_POSTPONE, we tell NMDevice
+     * that stage2 is done.
+     */
+    if (was_postponed)
+        nm_device_activate_schedule_stage3_ip_config_start(NM_DEVICE(self));
+}
+
+static void
+initial_check_assume(NMDeviceIwd *self)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    const char *        network_path_str;
+    nm_auto_ref_string NMRefString *network_path = NULL;
+    NMWifiAP *                      ap           = NULL;
+    gs_unref_variant GVariant *state_value =
+        g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(priv->dbus_station_proxy, "State");
+    gs_unref_variant GVariant *cn_value =
+        g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(priv->dbus_station_proxy, "ConnectedNetwork");
+
+    if (!NM_IN_STRSET(get_variant_state(state_value), "connecting", "connected", "roaming"))
+        return;
+
+    if (!priv->iwd_autoconnect) {
+        send_disconnect(self);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!cn_value || !g_variant_is_of_type(cn_value, G_VARIANT_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH)) {
+        _LOGW(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI,
+              "ConnectedNetwork property not cached or not an object path");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    network_path_str = g_variant_get_string(cn_value, NULL);
+    network_path     = nm_ref_string_new(network_path_str);
+    ap               = find_ap_by_supplicant_path(self, network_path);
+
+    if (!ap) {
+        _LOGW(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI,
+              "ConnectedNetwork points to an unknown Network %s",
+              network_path_str);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    _LOGD(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "assuming connection in initial_check_assume");
+    assume_connection(self, ap);
+}
+
+static NMActStageReturn
+act_stage1_prepare(NMDevice *device, NMDeviceStateReason *out_failure_reason)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self          = NM_DEVICE_IWD(device);
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv          = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMWifiAP *          ap            = NULL;
+    gs_unref_object NMWifiAP *ap_fake = NULL;
+    NMActRequest *            req;
+    NMConnection *            connection;
+    NMSettingWireless *       s_wireless;
+    const char *              mode;
+    const char *              ap_path;
+
+    req = nm_device_get_act_request(device);
+    g_return_val_if_fail(req, NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_FAILURE);
+
+    connection = nm_act_request_get_applied_connection(req);
+    g_return_val_if_fail(connection, NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_FAILURE);
+
+    s_wireless = nm_connection_get_setting_wireless(connection);
+    g_return_val_if_fail(s_wireless, NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_FAILURE);
+
+    /* AP, Ad-Hoc modes never use a specific object or existing scanned AP */
+    mode = nm_setting_wireless_get_mode(s_wireless);
+    if (NM_IN_STRSET(mode, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_AP, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_ADHOC))
+        goto add_new;
+
+    ap_path = nm_active_connection_get_specific_object(NM_ACTIVE_CONNECTION(req));
+    ap      = ap_path ? nm_wifi_ap_lookup_for_device(NM_DEVICE(self), ap_path) : NULL;
+    if (ap) {
+        set_current_ap(self, ap, TRUE);
+        return NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    ap = nm_wifi_aps_find_first_compatible(&priv->aps_lst_head, connection);
+    if (ap) {
+        nm_active_connection_set_specific_object(NM_ACTIVE_CONNECTION(req),
+                                                 nm_dbus_object_get_path(NM_DBUS_OBJECT(ap)));
+        set_current_ap(self, ap, TRUE);
+        return NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    /* In infrastructure mode the specific object should be set by now except
+     * for a first-time connection to a hidden network.  If a hidden network is
+     * a Known Network it should still have been in the AP list.
+     */
+    if (!nm_setting_wireless_get_hidden(s_wireless) || is_connection_known_network(connection))
+        return NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_FAILURE;
+
+add_new:
+    /* If the user is trying to connect to an AP that NM doesn't yet know about
+     * (hidden network or something) or starting a Hotspot, create a fake AP
+     * from the security settings in the connection.  This "fake" AP gets used
+     * until the real one is found in the scan list (Ad-Hoc or Hidden), or until
+     * the device is deactivated (Ad-Hoc or Hotspot).
+     */
+    ap_fake = nm_wifi_ap_new_fake_from_connection(connection);
+    if (!ap_fake)
+        g_return_val_if_reached(NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_FAILURE);
+
+    if (nm_wifi_ap_is_hotspot(ap_fake))
+        nm_wifi_ap_set_address(ap_fake, nm_device_get_hw_address(device));
+
+    g_object_freeze_notify(G_OBJECT(self));
+    ap_add_remove(self, TRUE, ap_fake, FALSE);
+    g_object_thaw_notify(G_OBJECT(self));
+    set_current_ap(self, ap_fake, FALSE);
+    nm_active_connection_set_specific_object(NM_ACTIVE_CONNECTION(req),
+                                             nm_dbus_object_get_path(NM_DBUS_OBJECT(ap_fake)));
+    return NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static NMActStageReturn
+act_stage2_config(NMDevice *device, NMDeviceStateReason *out_failure_reason)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self = NM_DEVICE_IWD(device);
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMActRequest *      req;
+    NMConnection *      connection;
+    NMSettingWireless * s_wireless;
+    const char *        mode;
+
+    req        = nm_device_get_act_request(device);
+    connection = nm_act_request_get_applied_connection(req);
+    s_wireless = nm_connection_get_setting_wireless(connection);
+    g_return_val_if_fail(s_wireless, NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_FAILURE);
+
+    mode = nm_setting_wireless_get_mode(s_wireless);
+
+    if (NM_IN_STRSET(mode, NULL, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_INFRA)) {
+        gs_unref_object GDBusProxy *network_proxy = NULL;
+        NMWifiAP *                  ap            = priv->current_ap;
+        NMSettingWirelessSecurity * s_wireless_sec;
+
+        if (!ap) {
+            NM_SET_OUT(out_failure_reason, NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_FAILED);
+            goto out_fail;
+        }
+
+        /* With priv->iwd_autoconnect, if we're assuming a connection because
+         * of a state change to "connecting", signal stage 2 is still running.
+         * If "connected" or "roaming", we can go right to the IP_CONFIG state
+         * and there's nothing left to do in CONFIG.
+         * If we're assuming the connection because of an agent request we
+         * switch to NEED_AUTH and actually send the request now that we
+         * have an activation request.
+         *
+         * This all assumes ConnectedNetwork hasn't changed.
+         */
+        if (priv->assumed_ac) {
+            gboolean result;
+
+            if (!priv->pending_agent_request) {
+                gs_unref_variant GVariant *value =
+                    g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(priv->dbus_station_proxy, "State");
+
+                if (nm_streq(get_variant_state(value), "connecting")) {
+                    return NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_POSTPONE;
+                } else {
+                    /* This basically forgets that the connection was "assumed"
+                     * as we can treat it like any connection triggered by a
+                     * Network.Connect() call from now on.
+                     */
+                    assumed_connection_progress_to_ip_config(self, FALSE);
+                    return NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_SUCCESS;
+                }
+            }
+
+            result = nm_device_iwd_agent_query(self, priv->pending_agent_request);
+            g_clear_object(&priv->pending_agent_request);
+            nm_assert(result);
+
+            return NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_POSTPONE;
+        }
+
+        /* 802.1x networks that are not IWD Known Networks will definitely
+         * fail, for other combinations we will let the Connect call fail
+         * or ask us for any missing secrets through the Agent.
+         */
+        if (nm_connection_get_setting_802_1x(connection) && !is_ap_known_network(ap)) {
+            _LOGI(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI,
+                  "Activation: (wifi) access point '%s' has 802.1x security but is not configured "
+                  "in IWD.",
+                  nm_connection_get_id(connection));
+
+            NM_SET_OUT(out_failure_reason, NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_NO_SECRETS);
+            goto out_fail;
+        }
+
+        priv->secrets_failed = FALSE;
+
+        if (nm_wifi_ap_get_fake(ap)) {
+            gs_free char *ssid = NULL;
+
+            if (!nm_setting_wireless_get_hidden(s_wireless)) {
+                _LOGW(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI,
+                      "Activation: (wifi) target network not known to IWD but is not "
+                      "marked hidden");
+                NM_SET_OUT(out_failure_reason, NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_FAILED);
+                goto out_fail;
+            }
+
+            if (!nm_wifi_connection_get_iwd_ssid_and_security(connection, &ssid, NULL)) {
+                NM_SET_OUT(out_failure_reason, NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_FAILED);
+                goto out_fail;
+            }
+
+            /* Use Station.ConnectHiddenNetwork method instead of Network proxy. */
+            g_dbus_proxy_call(priv->dbus_station_proxy,
+                              "ConnectHiddenNetwork",
+                              g_variant_new("(s)", ssid),
+                              G_DBUS_CALL_FLAGS_NONE,
+                              G_MAXINT,
+                              priv->cancellable,
+                              network_connect_cb,
+                              self);
+            return NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_POSTPONE;
+        }
+
+        network_proxy = nm_iwd_manager_get_dbus_interface(
+            nm_iwd_manager_get(),
+            nm_ref_string_get_str(nm_wifi_ap_get_supplicant_path(ap)),
+            NM_IWD_NETWORK_INTERFACE);
+        if (!network_proxy) {
+            _LOGW(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI,
+                  "Activation: (wifi) could not get Network interface proxy for %s",
+                  nm_ref_string_get_str(nm_wifi_ap_get_supplicant_path(ap)));
+            NM_SET_OUT(out_failure_reason, NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_FAILED);
+            goto out_fail;
+        }
+
+        if (!priv->cancellable)
+            priv->cancellable = g_cancellable_new();
+
+        s_wireless_sec = nm_connection_get_setting_wireless_security(connection);
+        if (s_wireless_sec
+            && nm_streq0(nm_setting_wireless_security_get_key_mgmt(s_wireless_sec), "owe")) {
+            _LOGI(LOGD_WIFI,
+                  "An OWE connection is requested but IWD may connect to either an OWE "
+                  "or unsecured network and there won't be any indication of whether "
+                  "encryption is in use -- proceed at your own risk!");
+        }
+
+        /* Call Network.Connect.  No timeout because IWD already handles
+         * timeouts.
+         */
+        g_dbus_proxy_call(network_proxy,
+                          "Connect",
+                          NULL,
+                          G_DBUS_CALL_FLAGS_NONE,
+                          G_MAXINT,
+                          priv->cancellable,
+                          network_connect_cb,
+                          self);
+
+        return NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_POSTPONE;
+    }
+
+    if (NM_IN_STRSET(mode, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_AP, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_ADHOC)) {
+        NMSettingWirelessSecurity *s_wireless_sec;
+
+        s_wireless_sec = nm_connection_get_setting_wireless_security(connection);
+        if (s_wireless_sec && !nm_setting_wireless_security_get_psk(s_wireless_sec)) {
+            /* PSK is missing from the settings, have to request it */
+
+            wifi_secrets_cancel(self);
+
+            priv->wifi_secrets_id =
+                nm_act_request_get_secrets(req,
+                                           TRUE,
+                                           NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_SECURITY_SETTING_NAME,
+                                           NM_SECRET_AGENT_GET_SECRETS_FLAG_ALLOW_INTERACTION,
+                                           NM_MAKE_STRV(NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_SECURITY_PSK),
+                                           act_psk_cb,
+                                           self);
+            nm_device_state_changed(device, NM_DEVICE_STATE_NEED_AUTH, NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_NONE);
+        } else
+            act_set_mode(self);
+
+        return NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_POSTPONE;
+    }
+
+    _LOGW(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "Activation: (wifi) iwd cannot handle mode %s", mode);
+    NM_SET_OUT(out_failure_reason, NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_FAILED);
+
+out_fail:
+    cleanup_association_attempt(self, FALSE);
+    return NM_ACT_STAGE_RETURN_FAILURE;
+}
+
+static guint32
+get_configured_mtu(NMDevice *device, NMDeviceMtuSource *out_source, gboolean *out_force)
+{
+    return nm_device_get_configured_mtu_from_connection(device,
+                                                        NM_TYPE_SETTING_WIRELESS,
+                                                        out_source);
+}
+
+static gboolean
+periodic_scan_timeout_cb(gpointer user_data)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self = user_data;
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    priv->periodic_scan_id = 0;
+
+    if (priv->scanning || priv->scan_requested)
+        return FALSE;
+
+    g_dbus_proxy_call(priv->dbus_station_proxy,
+                      "Scan",
+                      NULL,
+                      G_DBUS_CALL_FLAGS_NONE,
+                      -1,
+                      priv->cancellable,
+                      scan_cb,
+                      self);
+    priv->scan_requested = TRUE;
+
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+static void
+schedule_periodic_scan(NMDeviceIwd *self, gboolean initial_scan)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    guint               interval;
+
+    /* Automatically start a scan after a disconnect, mode change or device UP,
+     * otherwise scan periodically every 10 seconds if needed for NM's
+     * autoconnect.  There's no need to scan When using IWD's autoconnect or
+     * when connected, we update the AP list on UI requests.
+     *
+     * (initial_scan && disconnected && !priv->iwd_autoconnect) override
+     * priv->scanning below because of an IWD quirk where a device will often
+     * be in the autoconnect state and scanning at the time of our initial_scan,
+     * but our logic will then send it a Disconnect() causing IWD to exit
+     * autoconnect and interrupt the ongoing scan, meaning that we still want
+     * a new scan ASAP.
+     */
+    if (!priv->can_scan || priv->scan_requested || priv->current_ap || priv->iwd_autoconnect)
+        interval = -1;
+    else if (initial_scan && priv->scanning)
+        interval = 0;
+    else if (priv->scanning)
+        interval = -1;
+    else if (!priv->periodic_scan_id)
+        interval = 10;
+    else
+        return;
+
+    nm_clear_g_source(&priv->periodic_scan_id);
+
+    if (interval != (guint) -1)
+        priv->periodic_scan_id = g_timeout_add_seconds(interval, periodic_scan_timeout_cb, self);
+}
+
+static void
+set_can_scan(NMDeviceIwd *self, gboolean can_scan)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    if (priv->can_scan == can_scan)
+        return;
+
+    priv->can_scan = can_scan;
+
+    if (!priv->iwd_autoconnect)
+        schedule_periodic_scan(self, TRUE);
+}
+
+static void
+device_state_changed(NMDevice *          device,
+                     NMDeviceState       new_state,
+                     NMDeviceState       old_state,
+                     NMDeviceStateReason reason)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self = NM_DEVICE_IWD(device);
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMSettingWireless * s_wireless;
+    const char *        mode;
+
+    switch (new_state) {
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_UNMANAGED:
+        break;
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_UNAVAILABLE:
+        /*
+         * If the device is enabled and the IWD manager is ready,
+         * transition to DISCONNECTED because the device is now
+         * ready to use.
+         */
+        if (priv->enabled && priv->dbus_station_proxy) {
+            nm_device_queue_recheck_available(device,
+                                              NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_AVAILABLE,
+                                              NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_FAILED);
+        }
+        break;
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_DISCONNECTED:
+        if (old_state == NM_DEVICE_STATE_UNAVAILABLE)
+            initial_check_assume(self);
+        break;
+    case NM_DEVICE_STATE_IP_CONFIG:
+        s_wireless =
+            (NMSettingWireless *) nm_device_get_applied_setting(device, NM_TYPE_SETTING_WIRELESS);
+        mode = nm_setting_wireless_get_mode(s_wireless);
+        if (!priv->periodic_update_id
+            && NM_IN_STRSET(mode,
+                            NULL,
+                            NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_INFRA,
+                            NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MODE_ADHOC)) {
+            priv->periodic_update_id = g_timeout_add_seconds(6, periodic_update_cb, self);
+            periodic_update(self);
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+static gboolean
+get_enabled(NMDevice *device)
+{
+    return NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(device)->enabled;
+}
+
+static void
+set_enabled(NMDevice *device, gboolean enabled)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self = NM_DEVICE_IWD(device);
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMDeviceState       state;
+
+    enabled = !!enabled;
+
+    if (priv->enabled == enabled)
+        return;
+
+    priv->enabled = enabled;
+
+    _LOGD(LOGD_WIFI, "device now %s", enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled");
+
+    state = nm_device_get_state(device);
+    if (state < NM_DEVICE_STATE_UNAVAILABLE) {
+        _LOGD(LOGD_WIFI, "(%s): device blocked by UNMANAGED state", enabled ? "enable" : "disable");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (priv->dbus_obj)
+        set_powered(self, enabled);
+
+    if (enabled) {
+        if (state != NM_DEVICE_STATE_UNAVAILABLE)
+            _LOGW(LOGD_CORE, "not in expected unavailable state!");
+
+        if (priv->dbus_station_proxy) {
+            nm_device_queue_recheck_available(device,
+                                              NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_AVAILABLE,
+                                              NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_FAILED);
+        }
+    } else {
+        nm_device_state_changed(device, NM_DEVICE_STATE_UNAVAILABLE, NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_NONE);
+    }
+}
+
+static gboolean
+can_reapply_change(NMDevice *  device,
+                   const char *setting_name,
+                   NMSetting * s_old,
+                   NMSetting * s_new,
+                   GHashTable *diffs,
+                   GError **   error)
+{
+    NMDeviceClass *device_class;
+
+    /* Only handle wireless setting here, delegate other settings to parent class */
+    if (nm_streq(setting_name, NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_SETTING_NAME)) {
+        return nm_device_hash_check_invalid_keys(
+            diffs,
+            NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_SETTING_NAME,
+            error,
+            NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_SEEN_BSSIDS, /* ignored */
+            NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_MTU);        /* reapplied with IP config */
+    }
+
+    device_class = NM_DEVICE_CLASS(nm_device_iwd_parent_class);
+    return device_class->can_reapply_change(device, setting_name, s_old, s_new, diffs, error);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+static void
+get_property(GObject *object, guint prop_id, GValue *value, GParamSpec *pspec)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self = NM_DEVICE_IWD(object);
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    const char **       list;
+
+    switch (prop_id) {
+    case PROP_MODE:
+        if (!priv->current_ap)
+            g_value_set_uint(value, NM_802_11_MODE_UNKNOWN);
+        else if (nm_wifi_ap_is_hotspot(priv->current_ap))
+            g_value_set_uint(value, NM_802_11_MODE_AP);
+        else
+            g_value_set_uint(value, nm_wifi_ap_get_mode(priv->current_ap));
+
+        break;
+    case PROP_BITRATE:
+        g_value_set_uint(value, priv->rate);
+        break;
+    case PROP_CAPABILITIES:
+        g_value_set_uint(value, priv->capabilities);
+        break;
+    case PROP_ACCESS_POINTS:
+        list = nm_wifi_aps_get_paths(&priv->aps_lst_head, TRUE);
+        g_value_take_boxed(value, nm_utils_strv_make_deep_copied(list));
+        break;
+    case PROP_ACTIVE_ACCESS_POINT:
+        nm_dbus_utils_g_value_set_object_path(value, priv->current_ap);
+        break;
+    case PROP_SCANNING:
+        g_value_set_boolean(value, priv->scanning);
+        break;
+    case PROP_LAST_SCAN:
+        g_value_set_int64(
+            value,
+            priv->last_scan > 0
+                ? nm_utils_monotonic_timestamp_as_boottime(priv->last_scan, NM_UTILS_NSEC_PER_MSEC)
+                : (gint64) -1);
+        break;
+    default:
+        G_OBJECT_WARN_INVALID_PROPERTY_ID(object, prop_id, pspec);
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+static void
+state_changed(NMDeviceIwd *self, const char *new_state)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv           = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMDevice *          device         = NM_DEVICE(self);
+    NMDeviceState       dev_state      = nm_device_get_state(device);
+    gboolean            nm_connection  = priv->current_ap || priv->assumed_ac;
+    gboolean            iwd_connection = FALSE;
+    NMWifiAP *          ap             = NULL;
+    gboolean            can_connect    = priv->nm_autoconnect;
+
+    _LOGI(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "new IWD device state is %s", new_state);
+
+    if (NM_IN_STRSET(new_state, "connecting", "connected", "roaming")) {
+        gs_unref_variant GVariant *value = NULL;
+        const char *               network_path_str;
+        nm_auto_ref_string NMRefString *network_path = NULL;
+
+        value = g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(priv->dbus_station_proxy, "ConnectedNetwork");
+        if (!value || !g_variant_is_of_type(value, G_VARIANT_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH)) {
+            _LOGW(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI,
+                  "ConnectedNetwork property not cached or not an object path");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        iwd_connection   = TRUE;
+        network_path_str = g_variant_get_string(value, NULL);
+        network_path     = nm_ref_string_new(network_path_str);
+        ap               = find_ap_by_supplicant_path(self, network_path);
+
+        if (!ap) {
+            _LOGW(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI,
+                  "ConnectedNetwork points to an unknown Network %s",
+                  network_path_str);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Don't allow scanning while connecting, disconnecting or roaming */
+    set_can_scan(self, NM_IN_STRSET(new_state, "connected", "disconnected"));
+
+    priv->nm_autoconnect = FALSE;
+
+    if (nm_connection && iwd_connection && priv->current_ap && ap != priv->current_ap) {
+        gboolean switch_ap = priv->iwd_autoconnect && priv->assumed_ac;
+
+        _LOGW(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI,
+              "IWD is connecting to the wrong AP, %s activation",
+              switch_ap ? "replacing" : "aborting");
+        cleanup_association_attempt(self, !switch_ap);
+        nm_device_state_changed(device,
+                                NM_DEVICE_STATE_FAILED,
+                                NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_DISCONNECT);
+
+        if (switch_ap)
+            assume_connection(self, ap);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (priv->iwd_autoconnect && iwd_connection) {
+        if (dev_state < NM_DEVICE_STATE_DISCONNECTED)
+            return;
+
+        /* If IWD is in any state other than disconnected and the NMDevice is
+         * in DISCONNECTED then someone else, possibly IWD's autoconnect, has
+         * commanded an action and we need to update our NMDevice's state to
+         * match, including finding the NMSettingsConnection and NMWifiAP
+         * matching the network pointed to by Station.ConnectedNetwork.
+         *
+         * If IWD is in the connected state and we're in CONFIG, we only have
+         * to signal that the existing connection request has advanced to a new
+         * state.  If the connection request came from NM, we must have used
+         * Network.Connect() so that method call's callback will update the
+         * connection request, otherwise we do it here.
+         *
+         * If IWD is disconnecting or just disconnected, the common code below
+         * (independent from priv->iwd_autoconnect) will handle this case.
+         * If IWD is disconnecting but we never saw a connection request in the
+         * first place (maybe because we're only startig up) we won't be
+         * setting up an NMActiveConnection just to put the NMDevice in the
+         * DEACTIVATING state and we ignore this case.
+         *
+         * If IWD was in the disconnected state and transitioned to
+         * "connecting" but we were already in NEED_AUTH because we handled an
+         * agent query -- IWD normally stays in "disconnected" until it has all
+         * the secrets -- we record this fact and remain in NEED_AUTH.
+         */
+        if (!nm_connection) {
+            _LOGD(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "This is a new connection, 'assuming' it");
+            assume_connection(self, ap);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (priv->assumed_ac && dev_state >= NM_DEVICE_STATE_PREPARE
+            && dev_state < NM_DEVICE_STATE_IP_CONFIG
+            && NM_IN_STRSET(new_state, "connected", "roaming")) {
+            _LOGD(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "Updating assumed activation state");
+            assumed_connection_progress_to_ip_config(self, TRUE);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (priv->assumed_ac) {
+            _LOGD(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "Clearing assumed activation timeout");
+            nm_clear_g_source(&priv->assumed_ac_timeout);
+            return;
+        }
+    } else if (!priv->iwd_autoconnect && iwd_connection) {
+        /* If we were connecting, do nothing, the confirmation of
+         * a connection success is handled in the Device.Connect
+         * method return callback.  Otherwise, IWD must have connected
+         * without Network Manager's will so for simplicity force a
+         * disconnect.
+         */
+        if (nm_connection)
+            return;
+
+        _LOGW(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "Unsolicited connection, asking IWD to disconnect");
+        send_disconnect(self);
+    } else if (NM_IN_STRSET(new_state, "disconnecting", "disconnected")) {
+        /* If necessary, call Disconnect on the IWD device object to make sure
+         * it disables its autoconnect.
+         */
+        if ((!priv->iwd_autoconnect
+             || nm_device_autoconnect_blocked_get(device, NM_DEVICE_AUTOCONNECT_BLOCKED_ALL))
+            && !priv->wifi_secrets_id && !priv->pending_agent_request)
+            send_disconnect(self);
+
+        /*
+         * If IWD is still handling the Connect call, let our Connect
+         * callback for the dbus method handle the failure.  The main
+         * reason we don't want to handle the failure here is because the
+         * method callback will have more information on the specific
+         * failure reason.
+         *
+         * If IWD is handling an autoconnect agent call, let the agent's
+         * Cancel() handler take care of this.
+         */
+        if (NM_IN_SET(dev_state, NM_DEVICE_STATE_CONFIG, NM_DEVICE_STATE_NEED_AUTH)
+            && !priv->assumed_ac)
+            return;
+        if (NM_IN_SET(dev_state, NM_DEVICE_STATE_NEED_AUTH) && priv->assumed_ac)
+            return;
+
+        if (nm_connection) {
+            cleanup_association_attempt(self, FALSE);
+            nm_device_state_changed(device,
+                                    NM_DEVICE_STATE_FAILED,
+                                    NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_DISCONNECT);
+        }
+    } else if (!nm_streq(new_state, "unknown")) {
+        _LOGE(LOGD_WIFI, "State %s unknown", new_state);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Don't allow new connection until iwd exits disconnecting and no
+     * Connect callback is pending.
+     */
+    if (!priv->iwd_autoconnect && NM_IN_STRSET(new_state, "disconnected")) {
+        priv->nm_autoconnect = TRUE;
+        if (!can_connect)
+            nm_device_emit_recheck_auto_activate(device);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+scanning_changed(NMDeviceIwd *self, gboolean new_scanning)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    if (new_scanning == priv->scanning)
+        return;
+
+    priv->scanning = new_scanning;
+
+    _notify(self, PROP_SCANNING);
+
+    if (!priv->scanning) {
+        update_aps(self);
+
+        if (!priv->scan_requested && !priv->iwd_autoconnect)
+            schedule_periodic_scan(self, FALSE);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+station_properties_changed(GDBusProxy *proxy,
+                           GVariant *  changed_properties,
+                           GStrv       invalidate_properties,
+                           gpointer    user_data)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *self = user_data;
+    const char * new_str;
+    gboolean     new_bool;
+
+    if (g_variant_lookup(changed_properties, "State", "&s", &new_str))
+        state_changed(self, new_str);
+
+    if (g_variant_lookup(changed_properties, "Scanning", "b", &new_bool))
+        scanning_changed(self, new_bool);
+}
+
+static void
+ap_adhoc_properties_changed(GDBusProxy *proxy,
+                            GVariant *  changed_properties,
+                            GStrv       invalidate_properties,
+                            gpointer    user_data)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *self = user_data;
+    gboolean     new_bool;
+
+    if (g_variant_lookup(changed_properties, "Started", "b", &new_bool))
+        _LOGI(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI,
+              "IWD AP/AdHoc state is now %s",
+              new_bool ? "Started" : "Stopped");
+}
+
+static void
+powered_changed(NMDeviceIwd *self, gboolean new_powered)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    GDBusInterface *    interface;
+
+    nm_device_queue_recheck_available(NM_DEVICE(self),
+                                      NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_AVAILABLE,
+                                      NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_FAILED);
+
+    interface =
+        new_powered ? g_dbus_object_get_interface(priv->dbus_obj, NM_IWD_AP_INTERFACE) : NULL;
+
+    if (priv->dbus_ap_proxy) {
+        g_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_func(priv->dbus_ap_proxy,
+                                             ap_adhoc_properties_changed,
+                                             self);
+        g_clear_object(&priv->dbus_ap_proxy);
+    }
+
+    if (interface) {
+        priv->dbus_ap_proxy = G_DBUS_PROXY(interface);
+        g_signal_connect(priv->dbus_ap_proxy,
+                         "g-properties-changed",
+                         G_CALLBACK(ap_adhoc_properties_changed),
+                         self);
+
+        if (priv->act_mode_switch)
+            act_check_interface(self);
+        else
+            reset_mode(self, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    }
+
+    interface =
+        new_powered ? g_dbus_object_get_interface(priv->dbus_obj, NM_IWD_ADHOC_INTERFACE) : NULL;
+
+    if (priv->dbus_adhoc_proxy) {
+        g_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_func(priv->dbus_adhoc_proxy,
+                                             ap_adhoc_properties_changed,
+                                             self);
+        g_clear_object(&priv->dbus_adhoc_proxy);
+    }
+
+    if (interface) {
+        priv->dbus_adhoc_proxy = G_DBUS_PROXY(interface);
+        g_signal_connect(priv->dbus_adhoc_proxy,
+                         "g-properties-changed",
+                         G_CALLBACK(ap_adhoc_properties_changed),
+                         self);
+
+        if (priv->act_mode_switch)
+            act_check_interface(self);
+        else
+            reset_mode(self, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    }
+
+    /* We expect one of the three interfaces to always be present when
+     * device is Powered so if AP and AdHoc are not present we should
+     * be in station mode.
+     */
+    if (new_powered && !priv->dbus_ap_proxy && !priv->dbus_adhoc_proxy) {
+        interface = g_dbus_object_get_interface(priv->dbus_obj, NM_IWD_STATION_INTERFACE);
+        if (!interface) {
+            _LOGE(LOGD_WIFI,
+                  "Interface %s not found on obj %s",
+                  NM_IWD_STATION_INTERFACE,
+                  g_dbus_object_get_object_path(priv->dbus_obj));
+            interface = NULL;
+        }
+    } else
+        interface = NULL;
+
+    if (priv->dbus_station_proxy) {
+        g_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_func(priv->dbus_station_proxy,
+                                             station_properties_changed,
+                                             self);
+        g_clear_object(&priv->dbus_station_proxy);
+    }
+
+    if (interface) {
+        GVariant *value;
+
+        priv->dbus_station_proxy = G_DBUS_PROXY(interface);
+        g_signal_connect(priv->dbus_station_proxy,
+                         "g-properties-changed",
+                         G_CALLBACK(station_properties_changed),
+                         self);
+
+        value          = g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(priv->dbus_station_proxy, "Scanning");
+        priv->scanning = get_variant_boolean(value, "Scanning");
+        g_variant_unref(value);
+
+        value = g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(priv->dbus_station_proxy, "State");
+        state_changed(self, get_variant_state(value));
+        g_variant_unref(value);
+
+        update_aps(self);
+
+        /* When a device is brought UP in station mode, including after a mode
+         * switch, IWD re-enables autoconnect.  This is unlike NM's autoconnect
+         * where a mode change doesn't interfere with the
+         * BLOCKED_MANUAL_DISCONNECT flag.
+         */
+        if (priv->iwd_autoconnect) {
+            nm_device_autoconnect_blocked_unset(NM_DEVICE(self),
+                                                NM_DEVICE_AUTOCONNECT_BLOCKED_INTERNAL);
+        }
+    } else {
+        set_can_scan(self, FALSE);
+        priv->scanning       = FALSE;
+        priv->scan_requested = FALSE;
+        priv->nm_autoconnect = FALSE;
+        cleanup_association_attempt(self, FALSE);
+        remove_all_aps(self);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+device_properties_changed(GDBusProxy *proxy,
+                          GVariant *  changed_properties,
+                          GStrv       invalidate_properties,
+                          gpointer    user_data)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *self = user_data;
+    gboolean     new_bool;
+
+    if (g_variant_lookup(changed_properties, "Powered", "b", &new_bool))
+        powered_changed(self, new_bool);
+}
+
+static void
+config_changed(NMConfig *          config,
+               NMConfigData *      config_data,
+               NMConfigChangeFlags changes,
+               NMConfigData *      old_data,
+               NMDeviceIwd *       self)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv       = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    gboolean            old_iwd_ac = priv->iwd_autoconnect;
+
+    priv->iwd_autoconnect =
+        nm_config_data_get_device_config_boolean(config_data,
+                                                 NM_CONFIG_KEYFILE_KEY_DEVICE_WIFI_IWD_AUTOCONNECT,
+                                                 NM_DEVICE(self),
+                                                 TRUE,
+                                                 TRUE);
+
+    if (old_iwd_ac != priv->iwd_autoconnect && priv->dbus_station_proxy && !priv->current_ap) {
+        gs_unref_variant GVariant *value = NULL;
+
+        if (!priv->iwd_autoconnect
+            && !nm_device_autoconnect_blocked_get(NM_DEVICE(self),
+                                                  NM_DEVICE_AUTOCONNECT_BLOCKED_ALL))
+            send_disconnect(self);
+
+        value = g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(priv->dbus_station_proxy, "State");
+        state_changed(self, get_variant_state(value));
+    }
+}
+
+void
+nm_device_iwd_set_dbus_object(NMDeviceIwd *self, GDBusObject *object)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    GDBusInterface *    interface;
+    gs_unref_variant GVariant *value          = NULL;
+    gs_unref_object GDBusProxy *adapter_proxy = NULL;
+    GVariantIter *              iter;
+    const char *                mode;
+    gboolean                    powered;
+    NMDeviceWifiCapabilities    capabilities;
+
+    if (!nm_g_object_ref_set(&priv->dbus_obj, object))
+        return;
+
+    if (priv->dbus_device_proxy) {
+        g_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_func(priv->dbus_device_proxy,
+                                             device_properties_changed,
+                                             self);
+        g_clear_object(&priv->dbus_device_proxy);
+
+        powered_changed(self, FALSE);
+
+        priv->act_mode_switch = FALSE;
+
+        g_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_func(nm_config_get(), config_changed, self);
+    }
+
+    if (!object)
+        return;
+
+    interface = g_dbus_object_get_interface(object, NM_IWD_DEVICE_INTERFACE);
+    if (!interface) {
+        _LOGE(LOGD_WIFI,
+              "Interface %s not found on obj %s",
+              NM_IWD_DEVICE_INTERFACE,
+              g_dbus_object_get_object_path(object));
+        g_clear_object(&priv->dbus_obj);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    priv->dbus_device_proxy = G_DBUS_PROXY(interface);
+
+    g_signal_connect(priv->dbus_device_proxy,
+                     "g-properties-changed",
+                     G_CALLBACK(device_properties_changed),
+                     self);
+
+    /* Parse list of interface modes supported by adapter (wiphy) */
+
+    value = g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(priv->dbus_device_proxy, "Adapter");
+    if (!value || !g_variant_is_of_type(value, G_VARIANT_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH)) {
+        nm_log_warn(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "Adapter property not cached or not an object path");
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    adapter_proxy = nm_iwd_manager_get_dbus_interface(nm_iwd_manager_get(),
+                                                      g_variant_get_string(value, NULL),
+                                                      NM_IWD_WIPHY_INTERFACE);
+    if (!adapter_proxy) {
+        nm_log_warn(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI, "Can't get DBus proxy for IWD Adapter for IWD Device");
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    g_variant_unref(value);
+    value = g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(adapter_proxy, "SupportedModes");
+    if (!value || !g_variant_is_of_type(value, G_VARIANT_TYPE_STRING_ARRAY)) {
+        nm_log_warn(LOGD_DEVICE | LOGD_WIFI,
+                    "SupportedModes property not cached or not a string array");
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    capabilities = NM_WIFI_DEVICE_CAP_CIPHER_CCMP | NM_WIFI_DEVICE_CAP_RSN;
+
+    g_variant_get(value, "as", &iter);
+    while (g_variant_iter_next(iter, "&s", &mode)) {
+        if (nm_streq(mode, "ap"))
+            capabilities |= NM_WIFI_DEVICE_CAP_AP;
+        else if (nm_streq(mode, "ad-hoc"))
+            capabilities |= NM_WIFI_DEVICE_CAP_ADHOC;
+    }
+    g_variant_iter_free(iter);
+
+    if (priv->capabilities != capabilities) {
+        priv->capabilities = capabilities;
+        _notify(self, PROP_CAPABILITIES);
+    }
+
+    /* Update iwd_autoconnect before any state_changed call */
+    g_signal_connect(nm_config_get(),
+                     NM_CONFIG_SIGNAL_CONFIG_CHANGED,
+                     G_CALLBACK(config_changed),
+                     self);
+    config_changed(NULL, NM_CONFIG_GET_DATA, 0, NULL, self);
+
+    g_variant_unref(value);
+    value   = g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(priv->dbus_device_proxy, "Powered");
+    powered = get_variant_boolean(value, "Powered");
+
+    if (powered != priv->enabled)
+        set_powered(self, priv->enabled);
+    else if (powered)
+        powered_changed(self, TRUE);
+
+    return;
+
+error:
+    g_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_func(priv->dbus_device_proxy, device_properties_changed, self);
+    g_clear_object(&priv->dbus_device_proxy);
+}
+
+gboolean
+nm_device_iwd_agent_query(NMDeviceIwd *self, GDBusMethodInvocation *invocation)
+{
+    NMDevice *                   device = NM_DEVICE(self);
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *         priv   = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMDeviceState                state  = nm_device_get_state(device);
+    const char *                 setting_name;
+    const char *                 setting_key;
+    gboolean                     replied;
+    NMWifiAP *                   ap;
+    NMSecretAgentGetSecretsFlags get_secret_flags =
+        NM_SECRET_AGENT_GET_SECRETS_FLAG_ALLOW_INTERACTION;
+    nm_auto_ref_string NMRefString *network_path = NULL;
+
+    if (!invocation) {
+        gs_unref_variant GVariant *value =
+            g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(priv->dbus_station_proxy, "State");
+        gboolean disconnect;
+
+        if (!priv->wifi_secrets_id && !priv->pending_agent_request)
+            return FALSE;
+
+        _LOGI(LOGD_WIFI, "IWD agent request is being cancelled");
+        wifi_secrets_cancel(self);
+
+        if (state == NM_DEVICE_STATE_NEED_AUTH)
+            nm_device_state_changed(device, NM_DEVICE_STATE_CONFIG, NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_NONE);
+
+        /* The secrets request is being cancelled.  If we don't have an assumed
+         * connection than we've probably called Network.Connect and that method
+         * call's callback is going to handle the failure.  And if the state was
+         * not "disconnected" then let the state change handler process the
+         * failure.
+         */
+        if (!priv->assumed_ac)
+            return TRUE;
+
+        if (!nm_streq(get_variant_state(value), "disconnected"))
+            return TRUE;
+
+        disconnect = nm_device_autoconnect_blocked_get(device, NM_DEVICE_AUTOCONNECT_BLOCKED_ALL);
+        cleanup_association_attempt(self, disconnect);
+        nm_device_state_changed(device,
+                                NM_DEVICE_STATE_FAILED,
+                                NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_FAILED);
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    if (state > NM_DEVICE_STATE_CONFIG && state < NM_DEVICE_STATE_DEACTIVATING) {
+        _LOGW(LOGD_WIFI, "Can't handle the IWD agent request in current device state");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (priv->wifi_secrets_id || priv->pending_agent_request) {
+        _LOGW(LOGD_WIFI, "There's already a pending agent request for this device");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    network_path = nm_ref_string_new(get_agent_request_network_path(invocation));
+    ap           = find_ap_by_supplicant_path(self, network_path);
+    if (!ap) {
+        _LOGW(LOGD_WIFI, "IWD Network object not found for the agent request");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (priv->assumed_ac) {
+        const char *ac_ap_path = nm_active_connection_get_specific_object(priv->assumed_ac);
+
+        if (!nm_streq(ac_ap_path, nm_dbus_object_get_path(NM_DBUS_OBJECT(ap)))) {
+            _LOGW(LOGD_WIFI,
+                  "Dropping an existing assumed connection to create a new one based on the IWD "
+                  "agent request network parameter");
+
+            if (priv->current_ap)
+                nm_device_state_changed(device,
+                                        NM_DEVICE_STATE_FAILED,
+                                        NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_FAILED);
+
+            cleanup_association_attempt(self, FALSE);
+            priv->pending_agent_request = g_object_ref(invocation);
+            assume_connection(self, ap);
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        if (state != NM_DEVICE_STATE_CONFIG) {
+            _LOGI(LOGD_WIFI, "IWD agent request deferred until in CONFIG");
+            priv->pending_agent_request = g_object_ref(invocation);
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        /* Otherwise handle as usual */
+    } else if (!priv->current_ap) {
+        _LOGI(LOGD_WIFI, "IWD is asking for secrets without explicit connect request");
+
+        if (priv->iwd_autoconnect) {
+            priv->pending_agent_request = g_object_ref(invocation);
+            assume_connection(self, ap);
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        send_disconnect(self);
+        return FALSE;
+    } else if (priv->current_ap) {
+        if (priv->current_ap != ap) {
+            _LOGW(LOGD_WIFI, "IWD agent request for a wrong network object");
+            cleanup_association_attempt(self, TRUE);
+            nm_device_state_changed(device,
+                                    NM_DEVICE_STATE_FAILED,
+                                    NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_SUPPLICANT_FAILED);
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        /* Otherwise handle as usual */
+    }
+
+    if (!try_reply_agent_request(self,
+                                 nm_device_get_applied_connection(device),
+                                 invocation,
+                                 &setting_name,
+                                 &setting_key,
+                                 &replied)) {
+        priv->secrets_failed = TRUE;
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (replied)
+        return TRUE;
+
+    /* Normally require new secrets every time IWD asks for them.
+     * IWD only queries us if it has not saved the secrets (e.g. by policy)
+     * or a previous attempt has failed with current secrets so it wants
+     * a fresh set.  However if this is a new connection it may include
+     * all of the needed settings already so allow using these, too.
+     * Connection timestamp is set after activation or after first
+     * activation failure (to 0).
+     */
+    if (nm_settings_connection_get_timestamp(nm_device_get_settings_connection(device), NULL))
+        get_secret_flags |= NM_SECRET_AGENT_GET_SECRETS_FLAG_REQUEST_NEW;
+
+    nm_device_state_changed(device, NM_DEVICE_STATE_NEED_AUTH, NM_DEVICE_STATE_REASON_NO_SECRETS);
+    wifi_secrets_get_one(self, setting_name, get_secret_flags, setting_key, invocation);
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+void
+nm_device_iwd_network_add_remove(NMDeviceIwd *self, GDBusProxy *network, bool add)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMWifiAP *          ap   = NULL;
+    bool                recheck;
+    nm_auto_ref_string NMRefString *bss_path = NULL;
+
+    bss_path = nm_ref_string_new(g_dbus_proxy_get_object_path(network));
+    ap       = find_ap_by_supplicant_path(self, bss_path);
+
+    /* We could schedule an update_aps(self) idle call here but up to IWD 1.9
+     * when a hidden network connection is attempted, that network is initially
+     * only added as a Network object but not shown in GetOrderedNetworks()
+     * return values, and for some corner case scenarios it's beneficial to
+     * have that Network reflected in our ap list so that we don't attempt
+     * calling ConnectHiddenNetwork() on it, as that will fail in 1.9.  But we
+     * can skip recheck-available if we're currently scanning or in the middle
+     * of a GetOrderedNetworks() call as that will trigger the recheck too.
+     */
+    recheck = priv->enabled && !priv->scanning && !priv->networks_requested;
+
+    if (!add) {
+        if (ap) {
+            ap_add_remove(self, FALSE, ap, recheck);
+            priv->networks_changed |= !recheck;
+        }
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!ap) {
+        ap = ap_from_network(self,
+                             network,
+                             bss_path,
+                             nm_utils_get_monotonic_timestamp_msec(),
+                             -10000);
+        if (!ap)
+            return;
+
+        ap_add_remove(self, TRUE, ap, recheck);
+        g_object_unref(ap);
+        priv->networks_changed |= !recheck;
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+autoconnect_changed(NMDevice *device, GParamSpec *pspec, NMDeviceIwd *self)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv         = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    gs_unref_variant GVariant *value = NULL;
+
+    /* Note IWD normally remains in "disconnected" during a secret request
+     * and we don't want to interrupt it by calling Station.Disconnect().
+     */
+    if (!priv->dbus_station_proxy || !priv->iwd_autoconnect
+        || !nm_device_autoconnect_blocked_get(device, NM_DEVICE_AUTOCONNECT_BLOCKED_ALL)
+        || priv->wifi_secrets_id || priv->pending_agent_request)
+        return;
+
+    value = g_dbus_proxy_get_cached_property(priv->dbus_station_proxy, "State");
+    if (!nm_streq(get_variant_state(value), "disconnected"))
+        return;
+
+    send_disconnect(self);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+static const char *
+get_type_description(NMDevice *device)
+{
+    nm_assert(NM_IS_DEVICE_IWD(device));
+
+    return "wifi";
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+static void
+nm_device_iwd_init(NMDeviceIwd *self)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    c_list_init(&priv->aps_lst_head);
+
+    g_signal_connect(self, "notify::" NM_DEVICE_AUTOCONNECT, G_CALLBACK(autoconnect_changed), self);
+
+    /* Make sure the manager is running */
+    (void) nm_iwd_manager_get();
+}
+
+NMDevice *
+nm_device_iwd_new(const char *iface)
+{
+    return g_object_new(NM_TYPE_DEVICE_IWD,
+                        NM_DEVICE_IFACE,
+                        iface,
+                        NM_DEVICE_TYPE_DESC,
+                        "802.11 Wi-Fi",
+                        NM_DEVICE_DEVICE_TYPE,
+                        NM_DEVICE_TYPE_WIFI,
+                        NM_DEVICE_LINK_TYPE,
+                        NM_LINK_TYPE_WIFI,
+                        NM_DEVICE_RFKILL_TYPE,
+                        RFKILL_TYPE_WLAN,
+                        NULL);
+}
+
+static void
+dispose(GObject *object)
+{
+    NMDeviceIwd *       self = NM_DEVICE_IWD(object);
+    NMDeviceIwdPrivate *priv = NM_DEVICE_IWD_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    nm_clear_g_cancellable(&priv->cancellable);
+
+    g_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_func(self, autoconnect_changed, self);
+    nm_device_iwd_set_dbus_object(self, NULL);
+
+    G_OBJECT_CLASS(nm_device_iwd_parent_class)->dispose(object);
+
+    nm_assert(c_list_is_empty(&priv->aps_lst_head));
+}
+
+static void
+nm_device_iwd_class_init(NMDeviceIwdClass *klass)
+{
+    GObjectClass *     object_class      = G_OBJECT_CLASS(klass);
+    NMDBusObjectClass *dbus_object_class = NM_DBUS_OBJECT_CLASS(klass);
+    NMDeviceClass *    device_class      = NM_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
+
+    object_class->get_property = get_property;
+    object_class->dispose      = dispose;
+
+    dbus_object_class->interface_infos =
+        NM_DBUS_INTERFACE_INFOS(&nm_interface_info_device_wireless);
+
+    device_class->connection_type_supported        = NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_SETTING_NAME;
+    device_class->connection_type_check_compatible = NM_SETTING_WIRELESS_SETTING_NAME;
+    device_class->link_types                       = NM_DEVICE_DEFINE_LINK_TYPES(NM_LINK_TYPE_WIFI);
+
+    device_class->can_auto_connect            = can_auto_connect;
+    device_class->is_available                = is_available;
+    device_class->get_autoconnect_allowed     = get_autoconnect_allowed;
+    device_class->check_connection_compatible = check_connection_compatible;
+    device_class->check_connection_available  = check_connection_available;
+    device_class->complete_connection         = complete_connection;
+    device_class->get_enabled                 = get_enabled;
+    device_class->set_enabled                 = set_enabled;
+    device_class->get_type_description        = get_type_description;
+
+    device_class->act_stage1_prepare = act_stage1_prepare;
+    device_class->act_stage2_config  = act_stage2_config;
+    device_class->get_configured_mtu = get_configured_mtu;
+    device_class->deactivate         = deactivate;
+    device_class->deactivate_async   = deactivate_async;
+    device_class->can_reapply_change = can_reapply_change;
+
+    /* Stage 1 needed only for the set_current_ap() call.  Stage 2 is
+     * needed if we're assuming a connection still in the "connecting"
+     * state or on an agent request.
+     */
+    device_class->act_stage1_prepare_also_for_external_or_assume = TRUE;
+    device_class->act_stage2_config_also_for_external_or_assume  = TRUE;
+
+    device_class->state_changed = device_state_changed;
+
+    obj_properties[PROP_MODE] = g_param_spec_uint(NM_DEVICE_IWD_MODE,
+                                                  "",
+                                                  "",
+                                                  NM_802_11_MODE_UNKNOWN,
+                                                  NM_802_11_MODE_AP,
+                                                  NM_802_11_MODE_INFRA,
+                                                  G_PARAM_READABLE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS);
+
+    obj_properties[PROP_BITRATE] = g_param_spec_uint(NM_DEVICE_IWD_BITRATE,
+                                                     "",
+                                                     "",
+                                                     0,
+                                                     G_MAXUINT32,
+                                                     0,
+                                                     G_PARAM_READABLE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS);
+
+    obj_properties[PROP_ACCESS_POINTS] =
+        g_param_spec_boxed(NM_DEVICE_IWD_ACCESS_POINTS,
+                           "",
+                           "",
+                           G_TYPE_STRV,
+                           G_PARAM_READABLE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS);
+
+    obj_properties[PROP_ACTIVE_ACCESS_POINT] =
+        g_param_spec_string(NM_DEVICE_IWD_ACTIVE_ACCESS_POINT,
+                            "",
+                            "",
+                            NULL,
+                            G_PARAM_READABLE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS);
+
+    obj_properties[PROP_CAPABILITIES] =
+        g_param_spec_uint(NM_DEVICE_IWD_CAPABILITIES,
+                          "",
+                          "",
+                          0,
+                          G_MAXUINT32,
+                          NM_WIFI_DEVICE_CAP_NONE,
+                          G_PARAM_READABLE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS);
+
+    obj_properties[PROP_SCANNING] = g_param_spec_boolean(NM_DEVICE_IWD_SCANNING,
+                                                         "",
+                                                         "",
+                                                         FALSE,
+                                                         G_PARAM_READABLE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS);
+
+    obj_properties[PROP_LAST_SCAN] = g_param_spec_int64(NM_DEVICE_IWD_LAST_SCAN,
+                                                        "",
+                                                        "",
+                                                        -1,
+                                                        G_MAXINT64,
+                                                        -1,
+                                                        G_PARAM_READABLE | G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS);
+
+    g_object_class_install_properties(object_class, _PROPERTY_ENUMS_LAST, obj_properties);
+}