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-rw-r--r--src/core/settings/plugins/keyfile/nms-keyfile-plugin.c1348
1 files changed, 1348 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/core/settings/plugins/keyfile/nms-keyfile-plugin.c b/src/core/settings/plugins/keyfile/nms-keyfile-plugin.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..789bfc1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/settings/plugins/keyfile/nms-keyfile-plugin.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1348 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 Novell, Inc.
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 - 2018 Red Hat, Inc.
+ */
+
+#include "src/core/nm-default-daemon.h"
+
+#include "nms-keyfile-plugin.h"
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#include "nm-std-aux/c-list-util.h"
+#include "nm-glib-aux/nm-c-list.h"
+#include "nm-glib-aux/nm-io-utils.h"
+
+#include "nm-connection.h"
+#include "nm-setting.h"
+#include "nm-setting-connection.h"
+#include "nm-utils.h"
+#include "nm-config.h"
+#include "nm-core-internal.h"
+#include "nm-keyfile-internal.h"
+
+#include "systemd/nm-sd-utils-shared.h"
+
+#include "settings/nm-settings-plugin.h"
+#include "settings/nm-settings-storage.h"
+#include "settings/nm-settings-utils.h"
+
+#include "nms-keyfile-storage.h"
+#include "nms-keyfile-writer.h"
+#include "nms-keyfile-reader.h"
+#include "nms-keyfile-utils.h"
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+typedef struct {
+    NMConfig *config;
+
+    /* there can/could be multiple read-only directories. For example, one
+     * could set dirname_libs to
+     *   - /usr/lib/NetworkManager/profiles/
+     *   - /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections
+     * and leave dirname_etc unset. In this case, there would be multiple
+     * read-only directories.
+     *
+     * Directories that come later have higher priority and shadow profiles
+     * from earlier directories.
+     *
+     * Currently, this is only an array with zero or one elements. It could be
+     * easily extended to support multiple read-only directories.
+     */
+    char *dirname_libs[2];
+    char *dirname_etc;
+    char *dirname_run;
+
+    NMSettUtilStorages storages;
+
+} NMSKeyfilePluginPrivate;
+
+struct _NMSKeyfilePlugin {
+    NMSettingsPlugin        parent;
+    NMSKeyfilePluginPrivate _priv;
+};
+
+struct _NMSKeyfilePluginClass {
+    NMSettingsPluginClass parent;
+};
+
+G_DEFINE_TYPE(NMSKeyfilePlugin, nms_keyfile_plugin, NM_TYPE_SETTINGS_PLUGIN)
+
+#define NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN_GET_PRIVATE(self) \
+    _NM_GET_PRIVATE(self, NMSKeyfilePlugin, NMS_IS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN, NMSettingsPlugin)
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+#define _NMLOG_PREFIX_NAME "keyfile"
+#define _NMLOG_DOMAIN      LOGD_SETTINGS
+#define _NMLOG(level, ...)                          \
+    nm_log((level),                                 \
+           _NMLOG_DOMAIN,                           \
+           NULL,                                    \
+           NULL,                                    \
+           "%s" _NM_UTILS_MACRO_FIRST(__VA_ARGS__), \
+           _NMLOG_PREFIX_NAME ": " _NM_UTILS_MACRO_REST(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+static const char *
+_extra_flags_to_string(char *   str,
+                       gsize    str_len,
+                       gboolean is_nm_generated,
+                       gboolean is_volatile,
+                       gboolean is_external)
+{
+    const char *str0 = str;
+
+    if (!is_nm_generated && !is_volatile && !is_external)
+        nm_utils_strbuf_append_str(&str, &str_len, "");
+    else {
+        char ch = '(';
+
+        nm_utils_strbuf_append_c(&str, &str_len, ' ');
+        if (is_nm_generated) {
+            nm_utils_strbuf_append_c(&str, &str_len, ch);
+            nm_utils_strbuf_append_str(&str, &str_len, "nm-generated");
+            ch = ',';
+        }
+        if (is_volatile) {
+            nm_utils_strbuf_append_c(&str, &str_len, ch);
+            nm_utils_strbuf_append_str(&str, &str_len, "volatile");
+            ch = ',';
+        }
+        if (is_external) {
+            nm_utils_strbuf_append_c(&str, &str_len, ch);
+            nm_utils_strbuf_append_str(&str, &str_len, "external");
+            ch = ',';
+        }
+        nm_utils_strbuf_append_c(&str, &str_len, ')');
+    }
+
+    return str0;
+}
+
+static gboolean
+_ignore_filename(NMSKeyfileStorageType storage_type, const char *filename)
+{
+    /* for backward-compatibility, we don't require an extension for
+     * files under "/etc/...". */
+    return nm_keyfile_utils_ignore_filename(filename,
+                                            (storage_type != NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_ETC));
+}
+
+static const char *
+_get_plugin_dir(NMSKeyfilePluginPrivate *priv)
+{
+    /* the plugin dir is only needed to generate connection.uuid value via
+     * nm_keyfile_read_ensure_uuid(). This is either the configured /etc
+     * directory, of the compile-time default (in case the /etc directory
+     * is disabled). */
+    return priv->dirname_etc ?: NM_KEYFILE_PATH_NAME_ETC_DEFAULT;
+}
+
+static gboolean
+_path_detect_storage_type(const char *           full_filename,
+                          const char *const *    dirname_libs,
+                          const char *           dirname_etc,
+                          const char *           dirname_run,
+                          NMSKeyfileStorageType *out_storage_type,
+                          const char **          out_dirname,
+                          const char **          out_filename,
+                          gboolean *             out_is_nmmeta_file,
+                          gboolean *             out_failed_due_to_invalid_filename)
+{
+    NMSKeyfileStorageType storage_type;
+    const char *          filename = NULL;
+    const char *          dirname  = NULL;
+    guint                 i;
+    gboolean              is_nmmeta_file = FALSE;
+
+    NM_SET_OUT(out_failed_due_to_invalid_filename, FALSE);
+
+    if (full_filename[0] != '/')
+        return FALSE;
+
+    if (dirname_run && (filename = nm_utils_file_is_in_path(full_filename, dirname_run))) {
+        storage_type = NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_RUN;
+        dirname      = dirname_run;
+    } else if (dirname_etc && (filename = nm_utils_file_is_in_path(full_filename, dirname_etc))) {
+        storage_type = NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_ETC;
+        dirname      = dirname_etc;
+    } else {
+        for (i = 0; dirname_libs && dirname_libs[i]; i++) {
+            if ((filename = nm_utils_file_is_in_path(full_filename, dirname_libs[i]))) {
+                storage_type = NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_LIB(i);
+                dirname      = dirname_libs[i];
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!dirname)
+            return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (_ignore_filename(storage_type, filename)) {
+        /* we accept nmmeta files, but only in /etc and /run directories. */
+
+        if (!NM_IN_SET(storage_type, NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_RUN, NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_ETC)
+            || !nms_keyfile_nmmeta_check_filename(filename, NULL)) {
+            NM_SET_OUT(out_failed_due_to_invalid_filename, TRUE);
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        is_nmmeta_file = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    NM_SET_OUT(out_storage_type, storage_type);
+    NM_SET_OUT(out_dirname, dirname);
+    NM_SET_OUT(out_filename, filename);
+    NM_SET_OUT(out_is_nmmeta_file, is_nmmeta_file);
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+static NMConnection *
+_read_from_file(const char * full_filename,
+                const char * plugin_dir,
+                struct stat *out_stat,
+                NMTernary *  out_is_nm_generated,
+                NMTernary *  out_is_volatile,
+                NMTernary *  out_is_external,
+                char **      out_shadowed_storage,
+                NMTernary *  out_shadowed_owned,
+                GError **    error)
+{
+    NMConnection *connection;
+
+    nm_assert(full_filename && full_filename[0] == '/');
+
+    connection = nms_keyfile_reader_from_file(full_filename,
+                                              plugin_dir,
+                                              out_stat,
+                                              out_is_nm_generated,
+                                              out_is_volatile,
+                                              out_is_external,
+                                              out_shadowed_storage,
+                                              out_shadowed_owned,
+                                              error);
+
+    nm_assert(!connection
+              || (_nm_connection_verify(connection, NULL) == NM_SETTING_VERIFY_SUCCESS));
+    nm_assert(!connection || nm_utils_is_uuid(nm_connection_get_uuid(connection)));
+
+    return connection;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+static void
+_nm_assert_storage(gpointer plugin /* NMSKeyfilePlugin  */,
+                   gpointer storage /* NMSKeyfileStorage */,
+                   gboolean tracked)
+{
+#if NM_MORE_ASSERTS
+    NMSettUtilStorageByUuidHead *sbuh;
+    const char *                 uuid;
+
+    nm_assert(!plugin || NMS_IS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN(plugin));
+    nm_assert(NMS_IS_KEYFILE_STORAGE(storage));
+    nm_assert(!plugin || plugin == nm_settings_storage_get_plugin(storage));
+
+    nm_assert(({
+        const char *f = nms_keyfile_storage_get_filename(storage);
+        f &&        f[0] == '/';
+    }));
+
+    uuid = nms_keyfile_storage_get_uuid(storage);
+
+    nm_assert(nm_utils_is_uuid(uuid));
+
+    nm_assert(((NMSKeyfileStorage *) storage)->is_meta_data
+              || !(((NMSKeyfileStorage *) storage)->u.conn_data.connection)
+              || (NM_IS_CONNECTION((((NMSKeyfileStorage *) storage)->u.conn_data.connection))
+                  && nm_streq0(uuid,
+                               nm_connection_get_uuid(
+                                   (((NMSKeyfileStorage *) storage)->u.conn_data.connection)))));
+
+    nm_assert(
+        !tracked || !plugin
+        || c_list_contains(&NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN_GET_PRIVATE(plugin)->storages._storage_lst_head,
+                           &NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE(storage)->parent._storage_lst));
+
+    nm_assert(!tracked || !plugin
+              || storage
+                     == g_hash_table_lookup(
+                         NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN_GET_PRIVATE(plugin)->storages.idx_by_filename,
+                         nms_keyfile_storage_get_filename(storage)));
+
+    if (tracked && plugin) {
+        sbuh = g_hash_table_lookup(NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN_GET_PRIVATE(plugin)->storages.idx_by_uuid,
+                                   &uuid);
+        nm_assert(sbuh);
+        nm_assert(c_list_contains(&sbuh->_storage_by_uuid_lst_head,
+                                  &((NMSKeyfileStorage *) storage)->parent._storage_by_uuid_lst));
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+static NMSKeyfileStorage *
+_load_file(NMSKeyfilePlugin *    self,
+           const char *          dirname,
+           const char *          filename,
+           NMSKeyfileStorageType storage_type,
+           GError **             error)
+{
+    NMSKeyfilePluginPrivate *priv;
+    gs_unref_object NMConnection *connection = NULL;
+    NMTernary                     is_nm_generated_opt;
+    NMTernary                     is_volatile_opt;
+    NMTernary                     is_external_opt;
+    NMTernary                     shadowed_owned_opt;
+    gs_free char *                shadowed_storage = NULL;
+    gs_free_error GError *local                    = NULL;
+    gs_free char *        full_filename            = NULL;
+    struct stat           st;
+
+    if (_ignore_filename(storage_type, filename)) {
+        gs_free char *nmmeta                    = NULL;
+        gs_free char *loaded_path               = NULL;
+        gs_free char *shadowed_storage_filename = NULL;
+
+        if (!nms_keyfile_nmmeta_check_filename(filename, NULL)) {
+            if (error)
+                nm_utils_error_set(error, NM_UTILS_ERROR_UNKNOWN, "skip due to invalid filename");
+            else
+                _LOGT("load: \"%s/%s\": skip file due to invalid filename", dirname, filename);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        if (!nms_keyfile_nmmeta_read(dirname,
+                                     filename,
+                                     &full_filename,
+                                     &nmmeta,
+                                     &loaded_path,
+                                     &shadowed_storage_filename,
+                                     NULL)) {
+            if (error)
+                nm_utils_error_set(error, NM_UTILS_ERROR_UNKNOWN, "skip unreadable nmmeta file");
+            else
+                _LOGT("load: \"%s/%s\": skip unreadable nmmeta file", dirname, filename);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        nm_assert(loaded_path);
+        if (!NM_IN_SET(storage_type, NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_RUN, NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_ETC)) {
+            if (error)
+                nm_utils_error_set(error,
+                                   NM_UTILS_ERROR_UNKNOWN,
+                                   "skip nmmeta file from read-only directory");
+            else
+                _LOGT("load: \"%s/%s\": skip nmmeta file from read-only directory",
+                      dirname,
+                      filename);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        if (!nm_streq(loaded_path, NM_KEYFILE_PATH_NMMETA_SYMLINK_NULL)) {
+            if (error)
+                nm_utils_error_set(error,
+                                   NM_UTILS_ERROR_UNKNOWN,
+                                   "skip nmmeta file not symlinking %s",
+                                   NM_KEYFILE_PATH_NMMETA_SYMLINK_NULL);
+            else
+                _LOGT("load: \"%s/%s\": skip nmmeta file not symlinking to %s",
+                      dirname,
+                      filename,
+                      NM_KEYFILE_PATH_NMMETA_SYMLINK_NULL);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return nms_keyfile_storage_new_tombstone(self,
+                                                 nmmeta,
+                                                 full_filename,
+                                                 storage_type,
+                                                 shadowed_storage_filename);
+    }
+
+    full_filename = g_build_filename(dirname, filename, NULL);
+
+    priv = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    connection = _read_from_file(full_filename,
+                                 _get_plugin_dir(priv),
+                                 &st,
+                                 &is_nm_generated_opt,
+                                 &is_volatile_opt,
+                                 &is_external_opt,
+                                 &shadowed_storage,
+                                 &shadowed_owned_opt,
+                                 &local);
+    if (!connection) {
+        if (error)
+            g_propagate_error(error, g_steal_pointer(&local));
+        else
+            _LOGW("load: \"%s\": failed to load connection: %s", full_filename, local->message);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return nms_keyfile_storage_new_connection(self,
+                                              g_steal_pointer(&connection),
+                                              full_filename,
+                                              storage_type,
+                                              is_nm_generated_opt,
+                                              is_volatile_opt,
+                                              is_external_opt,
+                                              shadowed_storage,
+                                              shadowed_owned_opt,
+                                              &st.st_mtim);
+}
+
+static NMSKeyfileStorage *
+_load_file_from_path(NMSKeyfilePlugin *    self,
+                     const char *          full_filename,
+                     NMSKeyfileStorageType storage_type,
+                     GError **             error)
+{
+    gs_free char *f_dirname_free = NULL;
+    const char *  f_filename;
+    const char *  f_dirname;
+
+    nm_assert(full_filename && full_filename[0] == '/');
+
+    f_filename = strrchr(full_filename, '/');
+    f_dirname  = nm_strndup_a(300, full_filename, f_filename - full_filename, &f_dirname_free);
+    f_filename++;
+    return _load_file(self, f_dirname, f_filename, storage_type, error);
+}
+
+static void
+_load_dir(NMSKeyfilePlugin *    self,
+          NMSKeyfileStorageType storage_type,
+          const char *          dirname,
+          NMSettUtilStorages *  storages)
+{
+    const char *       filename;
+    GDir *             dir;
+    gs_unref_hashtable GHashTable *dupl_filenames = NULL;
+
+    dir = g_dir_open(dirname, 0, NULL);
+    if (!dir)
+        return;
+
+    dupl_filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(nm_str_hash, g_str_equal, NULL, g_free);
+
+    while ((filename = g_dir_read_name(dir))) {
+        gs_unref_object NMSKeyfileStorage *storage = NULL;
+
+        filename = g_strdup(filename);
+        if (!g_hash_table_add(dupl_filenames, (char *) filename))
+            continue;
+
+        storage = _load_file(self, dirname, filename, storage_type, NULL);
+        if (!storage)
+            continue;
+
+        nm_sett_util_storages_add_take(storages, g_steal_pointer(&storage));
+    }
+
+    g_dir_close(dir);
+
+#if NM_MORE_ASSERTS
+    {
+        NMSKeyfileStorage *storage;
+
+        c_list_for_each_entry (storage, &storages->_storage_lst_head, parent._storage_lst)
+            nm_assert(NMS_IS_KEYFILE_STORAGE(storage));
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+static void
+_storages_consolidate(NMSKeyfilePlugin *                     self,
+                      NMSettUtilStorages *                   storages_new,
+                      gboolean                               replace_all,
+                      GHashTable *                           storages_replaced,
+                      NMSettingsPluginConnectionLoadCallback callback,
+                      gpointer                               user_data)
+{
+    NMSKeyfilePluginPrivate *priv                  = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    CList                    lst_conn_info_deleted = C_LIST_INIT(lst_conn_info_deleted);
+    gs_unref_ptrarray GPtrArray *storages_modified = NULL;
+    CList                        storages_deleted;
+    NMSKeyfileStorage *          storage_safe;
+    NMSKeyfileStorage *          storage_new;
+    NMSKeyfileStorage *          storage_old;
+    NMSKeyfileStorage *          storage;
+    guint                        i;
+
+    storages_modified = g_ptr_array_new_with_free_func(g_object_unref);
+    c_list_init(&storages_deleted);
+
+    c_list_for_each_entry (storage_old, &priv->storages._storage_lst_head, parent._storage_lst)
+        storage_old->is_dirty = TRUE;
+
+    c_list_for_each_entry_safe (storage_new,
+                                storage_safe,
+                                &storages_new->_storage_lst_head,
+                                parent._storage_lst) {
+        storage_old =
+            nm_sett_util_storages_lookup_by_filename(&priv->storages,
+                                                     nms_keyfile_storage_get_filename(storage_new));
+
+        nm_sett_util_storages_steal(storages_new, storage_new);
+
+        if (!storage_old
+            || !nm_streq(nms_keyfile_storage_get_uuid(storage_new),
+                         nms_keyfile_storage_get_uuid(storage_old))) {
+            if (storage_old) {
+                nm_sett_util_storages_steal(&priv->storages, storage_old);
+                c_list_link_tail(&storages_deleted, &storage_old->parent._storage_by_uuid_lst);
+            }
+            storage_new->is_dirty = FALSE;
+            nm_sett_util_storages_add_take(&priv->storages, storage_new);
+            g_ptr_array_add(storages_modified, g_object_ref(storage_new));
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        storage_old->is_dirty = FALSE;
+        nms_keyfile_storage_copy_content(storage_old, storage_new);
+        nms_keyfile_storage_destroy(storage_new);
+        g_ptr_array_add(storages_modified, g_object_ref(storage_old));
+    }
+
+    c_list_for_each_entry_safe (storage_old,
+                                storage_safe,
+                                &priv->storages._storage_lst_head,
+                                parent._storage_lst) {
+        if (!storage_old->is_dirty)
+            continue;
+        if (replace_all
+            || (storages_replaced && g_hash_table_contains(storages_replaced, storage_old))) {
+            nm_sett_util_storages_steal(&priv->storages, storage_old);
+            c_list_link_tail(&storages_deleted, &storage_old->parent._storage_by_uuid_lst);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* raise events. */
+
+    for (i = 0; i < storages_modified->len; i++) {
+        storage           = storages_modified->pdata[i];
+        storage->is_dirty = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < storages_modified->len; i++) {
+        gs_unref_object NMConnection *connection = NULL;
+
+        storage = storages_modified->pdata[i];
+
+        if (!storage->is_dirty) {
+            /* the entry is no longer is_dirty. In the meantime we already emitted
+             * another signal for it. */
+            continue;
+        }
+        storage->is_dirty = FALSE;
+
+        if (c_list_is_empty(&storage->parent._storage_lst)) {
+            /* hm? The profile was deleted in the meantime? That is only possible
+             * if the signal handler called again into the plugin. In any case, the event
+             * was already emitted. Skip. */
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        nm_assert(
+            storage
+            == nm_sett_util_storages_lookup_by_filename(&priv->storages,
+                                                        nms_keyfile_storage_get_filename(storage)));
+
+        connection = nms_keyfile_storage_steal_connection(storage);
+
+        callback(NM_SETTINGS_PLUGIN(self), NM_SETTINGS_STORAGE(storage), connection, user_data);
+    }
+
+    while ((storage = c_list_first_entry(&storages_deleted,
+                                         NMSKeyfileStorage,
+                                         parent._storage_by_uuid_lst))) {
+        c_list_unlink(&storage->parent._storage_by_uuid_lst);
+        callback(NM_SETTINGS_PLUGIN(self), NM_SETTINGS_STORAGE(storage), NULL, user_data);
+        nms_keyfile_storage_destroy(storage);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+reload_connections(NMSettingsPlugin *                     plugin,
+                   NMSettingsPluginConnectionLoadCallback callback,
+                   gpointer                               user_data)
+{
+    NMSKeyfilePlugin *                                  self = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN(plugin);
+    NMSKeyfilePluginPrivate *                           priv = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    nm_auto_clear_sett_util_storages NMSettUtilStorages storages_new =
+        NM_SETT_UTIL_STORAGES_INIT(storages_new, nms_keyfile_storage_destroy);
+    int i;
+
+    _load_dir(self, NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_RUN, priv->dirname_run, &storages_new);
+    if (priv->dirname_etc)
+        _load_dir(self, NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_ETC, priv->dirname_etc, &storages_new);
+    for (i = 0; priv->dirname_libs[i]; i++)
+        _load_dir(self, NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_LIB(i), priv->dirname_libs[i], &storages_new);
+
+    _storages_consolidate(self, &storages_new, TRUE, NULL, callback, user_data);
+}
+
+static void
+load_connections(NMSettingsPlugin *                     plugin,
+                 NMSettingsPluginConnectionLoadEntry *  entries,
+                 gsize                                  n_entries,
+                 NMSettingsPluginConnectionLoadCallback callback,
+                 gpointer                               user_data)
+{
+    NMSKeyfilePlugin *                                  self = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN(plugin);
+    NMSKeyfilePluginPrivate *                           priv = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    nm_auto_clear_sett_util_storages NMSettUtilStorages storages_new =
+        NM_SETT_UTIL_STORAGES_INIT(storages_new, nms_keyfile_storage_destroy);
+    gs_unref_hashtable GHashTable *dupl_filenames    = NULL;
+    gs_unref_hashtable GHashTable *storages_replaced = NULL;
+    gs_unref_hashtable GHashTable *loaded_uuids      = NULL;
+    const char *                   loaded_uuid;
+    GHashTableIter                 h_iter;
+    gsize                          i;
+
+    if (n_entries == 0)
+        return;
+
+    dupl_filenames = g_hash_table_new_full(nm_str_hash, g_str_equal, g_free, NULL);
+
+    loaded_uuids = g_hash_table_new(nm_str_hash, g_str_equal);
+
+    storages_replaced = g_hash_table_new_full(nm_direct_hash, NULL, g_object_unref, NULL);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < n_entries; i++) {
+        NMSettingsPluginConnectionLoadEntry *const entry = &entries[i];
+        NMSKeyfileStorageType                      storage_type;
+        gs_free_error GError *               local = NULL;
+        const char *                         f_filename;
+        const char *                         f_dirname;
+        const char *                         full_filename;
+        gs_free char *                       full_filename_keep = NULL;
+        gboolean                             is_nmmeta_file;
+        NMSettingsPluginConnectionLoadEntry *dupl_content_entry;
+        gboolean                             failed_due_to_invalid_filename;
+        gs_unref_object NMSKeyfileStorage *storage = NULL;
+
+        if (entry->handled)
+            continue;
+
+        if (!_path_detect_storage_type(entry->filename,
+                                       (const char *const *) priv->dirname_libs,
+                                       priv->dirname_etc,
+                                       priv->dirname_run,
+                                       &storage_type,
+                                       &f_dirname,
+                                       &f_filename,
+                                       &is_nmmeta_file,
+                                       &failed_due_to_invalid_filename)) {
+            if (failed_due_to_invalid_filename) {
+                entry->handled = TRUE;
+                nm_utils_error_set(&entry->error,
+                                   NM_UTILS_ERROR_UNKNOWN,
+                                   "filename is not valid for a keyfile");
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        full_filename_keep = g_build_filename(f_dirname, f_filename, NULL);
+
+        if ((dupl_content_entry = g_hash_table_lookup(dupl_filenames, full_filename_keep))) {
+            /* we already visited this file. */
+            entry->handled = dupl_content_entry->handled;
+            if (dupl_content_entry->error) {
+                g_set_error_literal(&entry->error,
+                                    dupl_content_entry->error->domain,
+                                    dupl_content_entry->error->code,
+                                    dupl_content_entry->error->message);
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        entry->handled = TRUE;
+
+        full_filename = full_filename_keep;
+        if (!g_hash_table_insert(dupl_filenames, g_steal_pointer(&full_filename_keep), entry))
+            nm_assert_not_reached();
+
+        storage = _load_file(self, f_dirname, f_filename, storage_type, &local);
+        if (!storage) {
+            if (nm_utils_file_stat(full_filename, NULL) == -ENOENT) {
+                NMSKeyfileStorage *storage2;
+
+                /* the file does not exist. We take that as indication to unload the file
+                 * that was previously loaded... */
+                storage2 = nm_sett_util_storages_lookup_by_filename(&priv->storages, full_filename);
+                if (storage2)
+                    g_hash_table_add(storages_replaced, g_object_ref(storage2));
+                continue;
+            }
+            g_propagate_error(&entry->error, g_steal_pointer(&local));
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        g_hash_table_add(loaded_uuids, (char *) nms_keyfile_storage_get_uuid(storage));
+
+        nm_sett_util_storages_add_take(&storages_new, g_steal_pointer(&storage));
+    }
+
+    /* now we visit all UUIDs that are about to change... */
+    g_hash_table_iter_init(&h_iter, loaded_uuids);
+    while (g_hash_table_iter_next(&h_iter, (gpointer *) &loaded_uuid, NULL)) {
+        NMSKeyfileStorage *          storage;
+        NMSettUtilStorageByUuidHead *sbuh;
+
+        sbuh = nm_sett_util_storages_lookup_by_uuid(&priv->storages, loaded_uuid);
+        if (!sbuh)
+            continue;
+
+        c_list_for_each_entry (storage,
+                               &sbuh->_storage_by_uuid_lst_head,
+                               parent._storage_by_uuid_lst) {
+            const char *    full_filename = nms_keyfile_storage_get_filename(storage);
+            gs_unref_object NMSKeyfileStorage *storage_new = NULL;
+            gs_free_error GError *local                    = NULL;
+
+            if (g_hash_table_contains(dupl_filenames, full_filename)) {
+                /* already re-loaded. */
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            /* @storage has a UUID that was just loaded from disk, but we have an entry in cache.
+             * Reload that file too despite not being told to do so. The reason is to get
+             * the latest file timestamp so that we get the priorities right. */
+
+            storage_new = _load_file_from_path(self, full_filename, storage->storage_type, &local);
+            if (storage_new && !nm_streq(loaded_uuid, nms_keyfile_storage_get_uuid(storage_new))) {
+                /* the file now references a different UUID. We are not told to reload
+                 * that file, so this means the existing storage (with the previous
+                 * filename and UUID tuple) is no longer valid. */
+                g_clear_object(&storage_new);
+            }
+
+            g_hash_table_add(storages_replaced, g_object_ref(storage));
+            if (storage_new)
+                nm_sett_util_storages_add_take(&storages_new, g_steal_pointer(&storage_new));
+        }
+    }
+
+    nm_clear_pointer(&loaded_uuids, g_hash_table_destroy);
+    nm_clear_pointer(&dupl_filenames, g_hash_table_destroy);
+
+    _storages_consolidate(self, &storages_new, FALSE, storages_replaced, callback, user_data);
+}
+
+gboolean
+nms_keyfile_plugin_add_connection(NMSKeyfilePlugin *  self,
+                                  NMConnection *      connection,
+                                  gboolean            in_memory,
+                                  gboolean            is_nm_generated,
+                                  gboolean            is_volatile,
+                                  gboolean            is_external,
+                                  const char *        shadowed_storage,
+                                  gboolean            shadowed_owned,
+                                  NMSettingsStorage **out_storage,
+                                  NMConnection **     out_connection,
+                                  GError **           error)
+{
+    NMSKeyfilePluginPrivate *priv               = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    gs_unref_object NMConnection *reread        = NULL;
+    gs_free char *                full_filename = NULL;
+    NMSKeyfileStorageType         storage_type;
+    gs_unref_object NMSKeyfileStorage *storage = NULL;
+    GError *                           local   = NULL;
+    const char *                       uuid;
+    gboolean                           reread_same;
+    struct timespec                    mtime;
+    char                               strbuf[100];
+
+    nm_assert(NM_IS_CONNECTION(connection));
+    nm_assert(out_storage && !*out_storage);
+    nm_assert(out_connection && !*out_connection);
+
+    nm_assert(in_memory
+              || (!is_nm_generated && !is_volatile && !is_external && !shadowed_storage
+                  && !shadowed_owned));
+
+    uuid = nm_connection_get_uuid(connection);
+
+    /* Note that even if the caller requests persistent storage, we may switch to in-memory, if
+     * no /etc directory is configured. */
+    storage_type = !in_memory && priv->dirname_etc ? NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_ETC
+                                                   : NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_RUN;
+
+    if (!nms_keyfile_writer_connection(
+            connection,
+            is_nm_generated,
+            is_volatile,
+            is_external,
+            shadowed_storage,
+            shadowed_owned,
+            storage_type == NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_ETC ? priv->dirname_etc : priv->dirname_run,
+            _get_plugin_dir(priv),
+            NULL,
+            FALSE,
+            FALSE,
+            nm_sett_util_allow_filename_cb,
+            NM_SETT_UTIL_ALLOW_FILENAME_DATA(&priv->storages, NULL),
+            &full_filename,
+            &reread,
+            &reread_same,
+            &local)) {
+        _LOGT("commit: %s (%s) failed to add: %s",
+              nm_connection_get_uuid(connection),
+              nm_connection_get_id(connection),
+              local->message);
+        g_propagate_error(error, local);
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (!reread || reread_same)
+        nm_g_object_ref_set(&reread, connection);
+
+    nm_assert(_nm_connection_verify(reread, NULL) == NM_SETTING_VERIFY_SUCCESS);
+    nm_assert(nm_streq0(nm_connection_get_uuid(connection), nm_connection_get_uuid(reread)));
+
+    nm_assert(full_filename && full_filename[0] == '/');
+    nm_assert(!nm_sett_util_storages_lookup_by_filename(&priv->storages, full_filename));
+
+    _LOGT("commit: %s (%s) added as \"%s\"%s%s%s%s",
+          uuid,
+          nm_connection_get_id(connection),
+          full_filename,
+          _extra_flags_to_string(strbuf, sizeof(strbuf), is_nm_generated, is_volatile, is_external),
+          NM_PRINT_FMT_QUOTED(shadowed_storage,
+                              " (shadows \"",
+                              shadowed_storage,
+                              shadowed_owned ? "\", owned)" : "\")",
+                              ""));
+
+    storage =
+        nms_keyfile_storage_new_connection(self,
+                                           g_steal_pointer(&reread),
+                                           full_filename,
+                                           storage_type,
+                                           is_nm_generated ? NM_TERNARY_TRUE : NM_TERNARY_FALSE,
+                                           is_volatile ? NM_TERNARY_TRUE : NM_TERNARY_FALSE,
+                                           is_external ? NM_TERNARY_TRUE : NM_TERNARY_FALSE,
+                                           shadowed_storage,
+                                           shadowed_owned ? NM_TERNARY_TRUE : NM_TERNARY_FALSE,
+                                           nm_sett_util_stat_mtime(full_filename, FALSE, &mtime));
+
+    nm_sett_util_storages_add_take(&priv->storages, g_object_ref(storage));
+
+    *out_connection = nms_keyfile_storage_steal_connection(storage);
+    *out_storage    = NM_SETTINGS_STORAGE(g_steal_pointer(&storage));
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+static gboolean
+add_connection(NMSettingsPlugin *  plugin,
+               NMConnection *      connection,
+               NMSettingsStorage **out_storage,
+               NMConnection **     out_connection,
+               GError **           error)
+{
+    return nms_keyfile_plugin_add_connection(NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN(plugin),
+                                             connection,
+                                             FALSE,
+                                             FALSE,
+                                             FALSE,
+                                             FALSE,
+                                             NULL,
+                                             FALSE,
+                                             out_storage,
+                                             out_connection,
+                                             error);
+}
+
+gboolean
+nms_keyfile_plugin_update_connection(NMSKeyfilePlugin *  self,
+                                     NMSettingsStorage * storage_x,
+                                     NMConnection *      connection,
+                                     gboolean            is_nm_generated,
+                                     gboolean            is_volatile,
+                                     gboolean            is_external,
+                                     const char *        shadowed_storage,
+                                     gboolean            shadowed_owned,
+                                     gboolean            force_rename,
+                                     NMSettingsStorage **out_storage,
+                                     NMConnection **     out_connection,
+                                     GError **           error)
+{
+    NMSKeyfilePluginPrivate *priv                  = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    NMSKeyfileStorage *      storage               = NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE(storage_x);
+    gs_unref_object NMConnection *connection_clone = NULL;
+    gs_unref_object NMConnection *reread           = NULL;
+    gs_free char *                full_filename    = NULL;
+    gs_free_error GError *local                    = NULL;
+    struct timespec       mtime;
+    const char *          previous_filename;
+    gboolean              reread_same;
+    const char *          uuid;
+    char                  strbuf[100];
+
+    _nm_assert_storage(self, storage, TRUE);
+    nm_assert(NM_IS_CONNECTION(connection));
+    nm_assert(_nm_connection_verify(connection, NULL) == NM_SETTING_VERIFY_SUCCESS);
+    nm_assert(nm_streq(nms_keyfile_storage_get_uuid(storage), nm_connection_get_uuid(connection)));
+    nm_assert(!error || !*error);
+    nm_assert(NM_IN_SET(storage->storage_type,
+                        NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_ETC,
+                        NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_RUN));
+    nm_assert(!storage->is_meta_data);
+    nm_assert(storage->storage_type == NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_RUN
+              || (!is_nm_generated && !is_volatile && !is_external && !shadowed_storage
+                  && !shadowed_owned));
+    nm_assert(!shadowed_owned || shadowed_storage);
+    nm_assert(priv->dirname_etc || storage->storage_type != NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_ETC);
+
+    previous_filename = nms_keyfile_storage_get_filename(storage);
+    uuid              = nms_keyfile_storage_get_uuid(storage);
+
+    if (!nms_keyfile_writer_connection(
+            connection,
+            is_nm_generated,
+            is_volatile,
+            is_external,
+            shadowed_storage,
+            shadowed_owned,
+            storage->storage_type == NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_ETC ? priv->dirname_etc
+                                                                  : priv->dirname_run,
+            _get_plugin_dir(priv),
+            previous_filename,
+            FALSE,
+            FALSE,
+            nm_sett_util_allow_filename_cb,
+            NM_SETT_UTIL_ALLOW_FILENAME_DATA(&priv->storages, previous_filename),
+            &full_filename,
+            &reread,
+            &reread_same,
+            &local)) {
+        _LOGW("commit: failure to write %s (%s) to \"%s\": %s",
+              uuid,
+              nm_connection_get_id(connection_clone),
+              previous_filename,
+              local->message);
+        g_propagate_error(error, g_steal_pointer(&local));
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    nm_assert(full_filename && nm_streq(full_filename, previous_filename));
+
+    if (!reread || reread_same)
+        nm_g_object_ref_set(&reread, connection);
+
+    nm_assert(_nm_connection_verify(reread, NULL) == NM_SETTING_VERIFY_SUCCESS);
+    nm_assert(nm_streq(nm_connection_get_uuid(reread), uuid));
+
+    _LOGT("commit: \"%s\": profile %s (%s) written%s%s%s%s",
+          full_filename,
+          uuid,
+          nm_connection_get_id(connection),
+          _extra_flags_to_string(strbuf, sizeof(strbuf), is_nm_generated, is_volatile, is_external),
+          NM_PRINT_FMT_QUOTED(shadowed_storage,
+                              shadowed_owned ? " (owns \"" : " (shadows \"",
+                              shadowed_storage,
+                              "\")",
+                              ""));
+
+    storage->u.conn_data.is_nm_generated = is_nm_generated;
+    storage->u.conn_data.is_volatile     = is_volatile;
+    storage->u.conn_data.is_external     = is_external;
+    storage->u.conn_data.stat_mtime      = *nm_sett_util_stat_mtime(full_filename, FALSE, &mtime);
+    storage->u.conn_data.shadowed_owned  = shadowed_owned;
+
+    *out_storage    = g_object_ref(NM_SETTINGS_STORAGE(storage));
+    *out_connection = g_steal_pointer(&reread);
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+static gboolean
+update_connection(NMSettingsPlugin *  plugin,
+                  NMSettingsStorage * storage,
+                  NMConnection *      connection,
+                  NMSettingsStorage **out_storage,
+                  NMConnection **     out_connection,
+                  GError **           error)
+{
+    return nms_keyfile_plugin_update_connection(NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN(plugin),
+                                                storage,
+                                                connection,
+                                                FALSE,
+                                                FALSE,
+                                                FALSE,
+                                                NULL,
+                                                FALSE,
+                                                FALSE,
+                                                out_storage,
+                                                out_connection,
+                                                error);
+}
+
+static gboolean
+delete_connection(NMSettingsPlugin *plugin, NMSettingsStorage *storage_x, GError **error)
+{
+    NMSKeyfilePlugin *       self              = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN(plugin);
+    NMSKeyfilePluginPrivate *priv              = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+    gs_unref_object NMSKeyfileStorage *storage = g_object_ref(NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE(storage_x));
+    const char *                       remove_from_disk_errmsg = NULL;
+    const char *                       operation_message;
+    const char *                       previous_filename;
+    const char *                       uuid;
+    gboolean                           success = TRUE;
+
+    _nm_assert_storage(self, storage, TRUE);
+    nm_assert(!error || !*error);
+
+    previous_filename = nms_keyfile_storage_get_filename(storage);
+    uuid              = nms_keyfile_storage_get_uuid(storage);
+
+    if (!NM_IN_SET(storage->storage_type,
+                   NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_ETC,
+                   NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_RUN)) {
+        nm_utils_error_set(error,
+                           NM_UTILS_ERROR_UNKNOWN,
+                           "profile in read-only storage cannot be deleted");
+        success           = FALSE;
+        operation_message = "dropped readonly file from memory";
+    } else if (unlink(previous_filename) != 0) {
+        int errsv;
+
+        errsv = errno;
+        if (errsv != ENOENT) {
+            remove_from_disk_errmsg = nm_strerror_native(errsv);
+            operation_message       = "failed to delete from disk";
+            success                 = FALSE;
+            nm_utils_error_set_errno(error,
+                                     errsv,
+                                     "failure to delete \"%s\": %s",
+                                     previous_filename);
+        } else
+            operation_message = "does not exist on disk";
+    } else
+        operation_message = "deleted from disk";
+
+    _LOGT("commit: deleted \"%s\", %s %s (%s%s%s%s)",
+          previous_filename,
+          storage->is_meta_data ? "meta-data" : "profile",
+          uuid,
+          operation_message,
+          NM_PRINT_FMT_QUOTED(remove_from_disk_errmsg, ": ", remove_from_disk_errmsg, "", ""));
+
+    if (success) {
+        nm_sett_util_storages_steal(&priv->storages, storage);
+        nms_keyfile_storage_destroy(storage);
+    }
+
+    return success;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nms_keyfile_plugin_set_nmmeta_tombstone:
+ * @self: the #NMSKeyfilePlugin instance
+ * @simulate: if %TRUE, don't do anything on the filename but just pretend
+ *   that the loaded UUID file gets tracked/untracked. In this mode, the function
+ *   cannot fail (except on hard-failure, see below).
+ *   The idea is that you first try without simulate to write to disk.
+ *   If that fails, you might still want to forcefully pretend (in-memory
+ *   only) that this uuid is marked as tombstone (or not), as desired.
+ *   So you repeate the call with @simulate %TRUE.
+ * @uuid: the UUID for which to write/delete the nmmeta file
+ * @in_memory: the storage type, either /etc or /run. Note that if @self
+ *   has no /etc directory configured, this results in a hard failure.
+ * @set: if %TRUE, write the symlink to point to /dev/null. If %FALSE,
+ *   delete the nmmeta file (if it exists).
+ * @shadowed_storage: a tombstone can also shadow an existing storage.
+ *   In combination with @set and @in_memory, this is allowed to store
+ *   the shadowed storage filename.
+ * @out_storage: (transfer full) (allow-none): the storage element that changes, or
+ *   NULL if nothing changed. Note that the file on disk is already as
+ *   we want to write it, then this still counts as a change. No change only
+ *   means if we try to delete a storage (@set %FALSE) that did not
+ *   exist previously.
+ * @out_hard_failure: (allow-none): on failure, indicate that this is a hard failure.
+ *
+ * The function writes or deletes nmmeta files to/from filesystem. In this case,
+ * the nmmeta files can only be symlinks to /dev/null (to indicate tombstones).
+ *
+ * A hard failure can only happen if @self has no /etc directory configured
+ * and @in_memory is FALSE. In such case even @simulate call fails (which
+ * otherwise would always succeed).
+ * Also, if you get a hard-failure (with @simulate %FALSE) there is no point
+ * in retrying with @simulate %TRUE (contrary to all other cases!).
+ *
+ * Returns: %TRUE on success.
+ */
+gboolean
+nms_keyfile_plugin_set_nmmeta_tombstone(NMSKeyfilePlugin *  self,
+                                        gboolean            simulate,
+                                        const char *        uuid,
+                                        gboolean            in_memory,
+                                        gboolean            set,
+                                        const char *        shadowed_storage,
+                                        NMSettingsStorage **out_storage,
+                                        gboolean *          out_hard_failure)
+{
+    NMSKeyfilePluginPrivate *priv;
+    gboolean                 hard_failure = FALSE;
+    NMSKeyfileStorage *      storage;
+    gs_unref_object NMSKeyfileStorage *storage_result = NULL;
+    gboolean                           nmmeta_errno;
+    gs_free char *                     nmmeta_filename = NULL;
+    NMSKeyfileStorageType              storage_type;
+    const char *                       loaded_path;
+    const char *                       dirname;
+
+    nm_assert(NMS_IS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN(self));
+    nm_assert(nm_utils_is_uuid(uuid));
+    nm_assert(!out_storage || !*out_storage);
+    nm_assert(!shadowed_storage || (set && in_memory));
+
+    priv = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    loaded_path = set ? NM_KEYFILE_PATH_NMMETA_SYMLINK_NULL : NULL;
+
+    if (in_memory) {
+        storage_type = NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_RUN;
+        dirname      = priv->dirname_run;
+    } else {
+        if (!priv->dirname_etc) {
+            _LOGT("commit: cannot %s%s nmmeta file for %s as there is no /etc directory",
+                  simulate ? "simulate " : "",
+                  loaded_path ? "write" : "delete",
+                  uuid);
+            nmmeta_errno = 0;
+            hard_failure = TRUE;
+            goto out;
+        }
+        storage_type = NMS_KEYFILE_STORAGE_TYPE_ETC;
+        dirname      = priv->dirname_etc;
+    }
+
+    if (simulate) {
+        nmmeta_errno    = 0;
+        nmmeta_filename = nms_keyfile_nmmeta_filename(dirname, uuid, FALSE);
+    } else {
+        nmmeta_errno = nms_keyfile_nmmeta_write(dirname,
+                                                uuid,
+                                                loaded_path,
+                                                FALSE,
+                                                shadowed_storage,
+                                                &nmmeta_filename);
+    }
+
+    _LOGT("commit: %s nmmeta file \"%s\"%s%s%s%s%s%s %s%s%s%s",
+          loaded_path ? "writing" : "deleting",
+          nmmeta_filename,
+          NM_PRINT_FMT_QUOTED(loaded_path, " (pointing to \"", loaded_path, "\")", ""),
+          NM_PRINT_FMT_QUOTED(shadowed_storage, " (shadows \"", shadowed_storage, "\")", ""),
+          simulate ? "simulated" : (nmmeta_errno < 0 ? "failed" : "succeeded"),
+          NM_PRINT_FMT_QUOTED(nmmeta_errno < 0,
+                              " (",
+                              nm_strerror_native(nm_errno_native(nmmeta_errno)),
+                              ")",
+                              ""));
+
+    if (nmmeta_errno < 0)
+        goto out;
+
+    storage = nm_sett_util_storages_lookup_by_filename(&priv->storages, nmmeta_filename);
+
+    nm_assert(!storage
+              || (storage->is_meta_data && storage->storage_type == storage_type
+                  && nm_streq(nms_keyfile_storage_get_uuid(storage), uuid)));
+
+    if (loaded_path) {
+        if (!storage) {
+            storage = nms_keyfile_storage_new_tombstone(self,
+                                                        uuid,
+                                                        nmmeta_filename,
+                                                        storage_type,
+                                                        shadowed_storage);
+            nm_sett_util_storages_add_take(&priv->storages, storage);
+        } else {
+            g_free(storage->u.meta_data.shadowed_storage);
+            storage->u.meta_data.shadowed_storage = g_strdup(shadowed_storage);
+        }
+
+        storage_result = g_object_ref(storage);
+    } else {
+        if (storage)
+            storage_result = nm_sett_util_storages_steal(&priv->storages, storage);
+    }
+
+out:
+    nm_assert(nmmeta_errno <= 0);
+    nm_assert(nmmeta_errno < 0 || !hard_failure);
+    nm_assert(nmmeta_errno == 0 || !storage_result);
+
+    NM_SET_OUT(out_hard_failure, hard_failure);
+    NM_SET_OUT(out_storage, (NMSettingsStorage *) g_steal_pointer(&storage_result));
+    return nmmeta_errno >= 0;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+static void
+config_changed_cb(NMConfig *          config,
+                  NMConfigData *      config_data,
+                  NMConfigChangeFlags changes,
+                  NMConfigData *      old_data,
+                  NMSKeyfilePlugin *  self)
+{
+    gs_free char *old_value = NULL;
+    gs_free char *new_value = NULL;
+
+    old_value = nm_config_data_get_value(old_data,
+                                         NM_CONFIG_KEYFILE_GROUP_KEYFILE,
+                                         NM_CONFIG_KEYFILE_KEY_KEYFILE_UNMANAGED_DEVICES,
+                                         NM_CONFIG_GET_VALUE_TYPE_SPEC);
+    new_value = nm_config_data_get_value(config_data,
+                                         NM_CONFIG_KEYFILE_GROUP_KEYFILE,
+                                         NM_CONFIG_KEYFILE_KEY_KEYFILE_UNMANAGED_DEVICES,
+                                         NM_CONFIG_GET_VALUE_TYPE_SPEC);
+
+    if (!nm_streq0(old_value, new_value))
+        _nm_settings_plugin_emit_signal_unmanaged_specs_changed(NM_SETTINGS_PLUGIN(self));
+}
+
+static GSList *
+get_unmanaged_specs(NMSettingsPlugin *config)
+{
+    NMSKeyfilePluginPrivate *priv  = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN_GET_PRIVATE(config);
+    gs_free char *           value = NULL;
+
+    value = nm_config_data_get_value(nm_config_get_data(priv->config),
+                                     NM_CONFIG_KEYFILE_GROUP_KEYFILE,
+                                     NM_CONFIG_KEYFILE_KEY_KEYFILE_UNMANAGED_DEVICES,
+                                     NM_CONFIG_GET_VALUE_TYPE_SPEC);
+    return nm_match_spec_split(value);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+static void
+nms_keyfile_plugin_init(NMSKeyfilePlugin *plugin)
+{
+    NMSKeyfilePluginPrivate *priv = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN_GET_PRIVATE(plugin);
+
+    priv->config = g_object_ref(nm_config_get());
+
+    priv->storages = (NMSettUtilStorages) NM_SETT_UTIL_STORAGES_INIT(priv->storages,
+                                                                     nms_keyfile_storage_destroy);
+
+    /* dirname_libs are a set of read-only directories with lower priority than /etc or /run.
+     * There is nothing complicated about having multiple of such directories, so dirname_libs
+     * is a list (which currently only has at most one directory). */
+    priv->dirname_libs[0] = nm_sd_utils_path_simplify(g_strdup(NM_KEYFILE_PATH_NAME_LIB), FALSE);
+    priv->dirname_libs[1] = NULL;
+    priv->dirname_run     = nm_sd_utils_path_simplify(g_strdup(NM_KEYFILE_PATH_NAME_RUN), FALSE);
+    priv->dirname_etc     = nm_config_data_get_value(NM_CONFIG_GET_DATA_ORIG,
+                                                 NM_CONFIG_KEYFILE_GROUP_KEYFILE,
+                                                 NM_CONFIG_KEYFILE_KEY_KEYFILE_PATH,
+                                                 NM_CONFIG_GET_VALUE_STRIP);
+    if (priv->dirname_etc && priv->dirname_etc[0] == '\0') {
+        /* special case: configure an empty keyfile path so that NM has no writable keyfile
+         * directory. In this case, NM will only honor dirname_libs and dirname_run, meaning
+         * it cannot persist profile to non-volatile memory. */
+        nm_clear_g_free(&priv->dirname_etc);
+    } else if (!priv->dirname_etc || priv->dirname_etc[0] != '/') {
+        /* either invalid path or unspecified. Use the default. */
+        g_free(priv->dirname_etc);
+        priv->dirname_etc =
+            nm_sd_utils_path_simplify(g_strdup(NM_KEYFILE_PATH_NAME_ETC_DEFAULT), FALSE);
+    } else
+        nm_sd_utils_path_simplify(priv->dirname_etc, FALSE);
+
+    /* no duplicates */
+    if (NM_IN_STRSET(priv->dirname_libs[0], priv->dirname_etc, priv->dirname_run))
+        nm_clear_g_free(&priv->dirname_libs[0]);
+    if (NM_IN_STRSET(priv->dirname_etc, priv->dirname_run))
+        nm_clear_g_free(&priv->dirname_etc);
+
+    nm_assert(!priv->dirname_libs[0] || priv->dirname_libs[0][0] == '/');
+    nm_assert(!priv->dirname_etc || priv->dirname_etc[0] == '/');
+    nm_assert(priv->dirname_run && priv->dirname_run[0] == '/');
+}
+
+static void
+constructed(GObject *object)
+{
+    NMSKeyfilePlugin *       self = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN(object);
+    NMSKeyfilePluginPrivate *priv = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    G_OBJECT_CLASS(nms_keyfile_plugin_parent_class)->constructed(object);
+
+    if (nm_config_data_has_value(nm_config_get_data_orig(priv->config),
+                                 NM_CONFIG_KEYFILE_GROUP_KEYFILE,
+                                 NM_CONFIG_KEYFILE_KEY_KEYFILE_HOSTNAME,
+                                 NM_CONFIG_GET_VALUE_RAW))
+        _LOGW("'hostname' option is deprecated and has no effect");
+
+    if (nm_config_data_has_value(nm_config_get_data_orig(priv->config),
+                                 NM_CONFIG_KEYFILE_GROUP_MAIN,
+                                 NM_CONFIG_KEYFILE_KEY_MAIN_MONITOR_CONNECTION_FILES,
+                                 NM_CONFIG_GET_VALUE_RAW))
+        _LOGW("'monitor-connection-files' option is deprecated and has no effect");
+
+    g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(priv->config),
+                     NM_CONFIG_SIGNAL_CONFIG_CHANGED,
+                     G_CALLBACK(config_changed_cb),
+                     self);
+}
+
+NMSKeyfilePlugin *
+nms_keyfile_plugin_new(void)
+{
+    return g_object_new(NMS_TYPE_KEYFILE_PLUGIN, NULL);
+}
+
+static void
+dispose(GObject *object)
+{
+    NMSKeyfilePlugin *       self = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN(object);
+    NMSKeyfilePluginPrivate *priv = NMS_KEYFILE_PLUGIN_GET_PRIVATE(self);
+
+    if (priv->config)
+        g_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_func(priv->config, config_changed_cb, object);
+
+    nm_sett_util_storages_clear(&priv->storages);
+
+    nm_clear_g_free(&priv->dirname_libs[0]);
+    nm_clear_g_free(&priv->dirname_etc);
+    nm_clear_g_free(&priv->dirname_run);
+
+    g_clear_object(&priv->config);
+
+    G_OBJECT_CLASS(nms_keyfile_plugin_parent_class)->dispose(object);
+}
+
+static void
+nms_keyfile_plugin_class_init(NMSKeyfilePluginClass *klass)
+{
+    GObjectClass *         object_class = G_OBJECT_CLASS(klass);
+    NMSettingsPluginClass *plugin_class = NM_SETTINGS_PLUGIN_CLASS(klass);
+
+    object_class->constructed = constructed;
+    object_class->dispose     = dispose;
+
+    plugin_class->plugin_name         = "keyfile";
+    plugin_class->get_unmanaged_specs = get_unmanaged_specs;
+    plugin_class->reload_connections  = reload_connections;
+    plugin_class->load_connections    = load_connections;
+    plugin_class->add_connection      = add_connection;
+    plugin_class->update_connection   = update_connection;
+    plugin_class->delete_connection   = delete_connection;
+}